He walked eighty miles to a woman who had been dead three years
In July 1841 a man climbed out of a private asylum at High Beech, on the edge of Epping Forest, and started walking north. He had almost nothing in his pockets. He ate grass by the roadside.
Four days and about eighty miles later he reached the fen edge where he was born. He was going to see Mary Joyce. He was sure she was waiting for him, that she was his wife. Mary Joyce had died three years earlier in a house fire and was buried in the churchyard at Glinton. His actual wife, Patty, was at home with their children. When he got there and Mary was not, he would not believe the people who told him she was dead.
The man was John Clare. His own account of that walk, Journey Out of Essex, is one of the strangest and plainest pieces of writing in English: a man narrating his own delusion in calm, complete sentences, noticing the hedges.
Seven years later he wrote this, in a different asylum:
I long for scenes where man hath never trod A place where woman never smiled or wept There to abide with my Creator God And sleep as I in childhood sweetly slept, Untroubled and untroubled where I lie The grass below—above the vaulted sky.
That is the last stanza of “I Am”, written at Northampton General Lunatic Asylum, where Clare lived for the final twenty-three years of his life under a superintendent who encouraged him to write. It was published the year after he died. It is probably the most quoted thing he wrote, and it is almost always quoted as a poem about loneliness.
The line I keep catching on is the smallest one. The grass below.
He had eaten the grass below. On the road, four days of it, north from Essex, because he had no money and he was in a hurry to reach a woman who had been in the ground for three years. When he says he wants to lie down in the grass, I don't read longing. I read a man who knows exactly what the ground is like, because his face had been in it.
The other thing I can't get past is the paperwork. When Clare was first committed, in 1837, the doctor completing his admission certificate was asked whether the insanity had been “preceded by any severe or long-continued mental emotion or exertion?” He answered in five words: “After years of poetical prosing.”
Five words to close a file on a life.
And Clare, in those years, was going around saying he was Byron, then Shakespeare, then both. “I'm John Clare now. I was Byron and Shakespeare formerly.” A man whose hold on who he was had come apart, writing the firmest I am in the language. That's where the poem stops being a symptom and starts being an achievement. It isn't a report of madness. It's what is left when the rest has been taken: one voice stating that it exists, that it remembers sleeping in the grass as a child, and that it wants that back.
He never did get back. He died at Northampton in May 1864, and they carried him the last stretch and buried him at Helpston. Eighty miles on foot in 1841, twenty-three years of staying put, and then a ride home in a coffin.
So when the poem says “the grass below, above the vaulted sky”, I hear all of it now: the roadside, the childhood, the grave, the sky that doesn't move for anybody.
If there's a poem you love and know nothing about, send it to me with the author's name. I'll go and find the life behind it and write back. I might read it to you too.