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    <title>Damage &amp;mdash; Paul Sutton</title>
    <link>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/tag:Damage</link>
    <description>Paul Sutton - personal blog </description>
    <pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 01:17:31 +0000</pubDate>
    <item>
      <title>Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise</title>
      <link>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/potential-ozone-depletion-from-satellite-demise</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise &#xA;&#xA;Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise During Atmospheric Reentry in the Era of Mega-Constellations&#xA;&#xA;Interesting paper that was published in Geophysical research letters looking at potential damage to the Ozone layer from Satellites re-entering the Earths atmosphere and burning up.   The specific issue seems to be related to the Aluminium Oxidizing, and then this travels down to the Ozone layer and causes a chemical reaction.   &#xA;&#xA;Give the number of Satellites in orbit and the importance of the Already fragile Ozone layer, this is not good news. &#xA;&#xA;You can read the research here&#xA;&#xA;There is a Fediverse discussion here that is quite interesting,   I have also started a Science Forums discussion&#xA;&#xA;Tags&#xA;&#xA;#Science,#Space,#Satellite,#ReEntry,#Aluminium,#AlumiumOxide,&#xA;#Ozone,#Damage,#Research&#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise</p>

<p><strong>Potential Ozone Depletion From Satellite Demise During Atmospheric Reentry in the Era of Mega-Constellations</strong></p>

<p>Interesting paper that was published in Geophysical research letters looking at potential damage to the Ozone layer from Satellites re-entering the Earths atmosphere and burning up.   The specific issue seems to be related to the Aluminium Oxidizing, and then this travels down to the Ozone layer and causes a chemical reaction.</p>

<p>Give the number of Satellites in orbit and the importance of the Already fragile Ozone layer, this is not good news.</p>

<p>You can read the <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2024GL109280" rel="nofollow">research here</a></p>

<p>There is a Fediverse <a href="https://qoto.org/web/statuses/112673715671774536" rel="nofollow">discussion here</a> that is quite interesting,   I have also started a <a href="https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/134226-potential-ozone-depletion-from-satellite-demise-during-atmospheric-reentry/" rel="nofollow">Science Forums discussion</a></p>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

<p><a href="/paulsutton/tag:Science" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Science</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Space" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Space</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Satellite" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Satellite</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:ReEntry" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">ReEntry</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Aluminium" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Aluminium</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:AlumiumOxide" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">AlumiumOxide</span></a>,
<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Ozone" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Ozone</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Damage" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Damage</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Research" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Research</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/potential-ozone-depletion-from-satellite-demise</guid>
      <pubDate>Tue, 25 Jun 2024 13:20:09 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Volcanoes and Ozone</title>
      <link>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/volcanoes-and-ozone</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Volcanoes and Ozone&#xA;&#xA;This was posted to the fediverse after I asked how the ozone layer is being further depleted despite the world wide ban on CFCs and similar chemicals.  It turns out that a volcano can throw out chemicals that can react and reduce Ozone (O_3) in the atmosphere.&#xA;&#xA;Tonga&#39;s eruption injected so much water into Earth’s atmosphere that it could weaken the ozone layer &#xA;&#xA;LiveScience&#xA;&#xA;Tags&#xA;&#xA;#Science,#Volcano,#Ozone.#Damage]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Volcanoes and Ozone</p>

<p>This was posted to the fediverse after I asked how the ozone layer is being further depleted despite the world wide ban on CFCs and similar chemicals.  It turns out that a volcano can throw out chemicals that can react and reduce Ozone (O_3) in the atmosphere.</p>
<ul><li><p><a href="https://www.livescience.com/tonga-eruption-water-vapor" rel="nofollow">Tonga&#39;s eruption injected so much water into Earth’s atmosphere that it could weaken the ozone layer</a></p></li>

<li><p><a href="https://www.livescience.com" rel="nofollow">LiveScience</a></p></li></ul>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

<p><a href="/paulsutton/tag:Science" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Science</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Volcano" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Volcano</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Ozone" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Ozone</span></a>.<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Damage" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Damage</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/volcanoes-and-ozone</guid>
      <pubDate>Thu, 12 Oct 2023 06:30:00 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Climate : Time to get a grip</title>
      <link>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/climate-time-to-get-a-grip</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[Climate : Time to get a grip&#xA;&#xA;This link was posted to the fediverse.  An very hard hitting article on the ITV news website, spelling out the reality of climate change and the damage we are doing to our planet as humans.  You can read the article here.&#xA;&#xA;I think when 11,000 scientists are all saying the same thing it is time we woke up and listened.&#xA;&#xA;The fediverse seems to be about the only place that we can hold sensible, science and evidence based discussions. People are actually LEAVING mainstream social media, joining the fediverse to discuss as they feel safer and are not being subjected to the abuse they face on mainstream social media. &#xA;&#xA;Tags&#xA;&#xA;#ITVNews,#Climate,#Warming,#Ecosystems,#Humans,#Damage,&#xA;Extinction. &#xA;]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Climate : Time to get a grip</p>

<p>This link was posted to the <a href="https://fediverse.party/" rel="nofollow">fediverse</a>.  An very hard hitting article on the ITV news website, spelling out the reality of climate change and the damage we are doing to our planet as humans.  You can read the <a href="https://www.itv.com/news/2019-11-05/scientists-from-around-the-world-declare-climate-emergency" rel="nofollow">article here</a>.</p>

<p>I think when 11,000 scientists are all saying the same thing it is time we woke up and listened.</p>

<p>The fediverse seems to be about the only place that we can hold sensible, science and evidence based discussions. People are actually LEAVING mainstream social media, joining the fediverse to discuss as they feel safer and are not being subjected to the abuse they face on mainstream social media.</p>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

<p><a href="/paulsutton/tag:ITVNews" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">ITVNews</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Climate" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Climate</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Warming" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Warming</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Ecosystems" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Ecosystems</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Humans" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Humans</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Damage" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Damage</span></a>,
<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Extinction" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Extinction</span></a>.</p>
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      <guid>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/climate-time-to-get-a-grip</guid>
      <pubDate>Mon, 24 Jul 2023 16:01:47 +0000</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers</title>
      <link>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/the-damage-to-lunar-orbiting-spacecraft-caused-by-the-ejecta-of-lunar-landers</link>
      <description>&lt;![CDATA[The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers&#xA;&#xA;This is an interesting paper looking at The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers.. The Link was posted to the Fediverse.&#xA;&#xA;Links&#xA;&#xA;arXiv&#xA;Paper arXiv:2305.12234&#xA;Science Forums&#xA;  Science forum thread&#xA;&#xA;Just highlights the many dangers of space exploration,  we need to protect any spacecraft from moon ejecta.   How we do this will of course require more research and data, as I guess we can&#39;t just go up and collect a load of moon dust and bring to earth,  probably not as simple as that as we would probably need to simulate the gravity difference on the moon.&#xA;&#xA;I have started a discussion on science forums around this as I am just speculating about how we can research this. I would guess that once we do have data,  then we can use AI to help with simulations. &#xA;&#xA;Tags&#xA;&#xA;#Moon,#SpaceFlight,#Missions.#MoonDust,#Electa,#SpaceCraft,#Damage]]&gt;</description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers</p>

<p>This is an interesting paper looking at <em>The Damage to Lunar Orbiting Spacecraft Caused by the Ejecta of Lunar Landers</em>.. The Link was posted to the <a href="https://axbom.com/fediverse/" rel="nofollow">Fediverse</a>.</p>

<p><strong>Links</strong></p>
<ul><li><a href="https://arxiv.org" rel="nofollow">arXiv</a></li>
<li><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.12234" rel="nofollow">Paper arXiv:2305.12234</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.scienceforums.net" rel="nofollow">Science Forums</a>
<ul><li><a href="https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/131733-the-damage-to-lunar-orbiting-spacecraft-caused-by-the-ejecta-of-lunar-landers/" rel="nofollow">Science forum thread</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<p>Just highlights the many dangers of space exploration,  we need to protect any spacecraft from moon ejecta.   How we do this will of course require more research and data, as I guess we can&#39;t just go up and collect a load of moon dust and bring to earth,  probably not as simple as that as we would probably need to simulate the gravity difference on the moon.</p>

<p>I have started a discussion on science forums around this as I am just speculating about how we can research this. I would guess that once we do have data,  then we can use AI to help with simulations.</p>

<p><strong>Tags</strong></p>

<p><a href="/paulsutton/tag:Moon" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Moon</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:SpaceFlight" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">SpaceFlight</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Missions" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Missions</span></a>.<a href="/paulsutton/tag:MoonDust" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">MoonDust</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Electa" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Electa</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:SpaceCraft" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">SpaceCraft</span></a>,<a href="/paulsutton/tag:Damage" class="hashtag" rel="nofollow"><span>#</span><span class="p-category">Damage</span></a></p>
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      <guid>https://paper.wf/paulsutton/the-damage-to-lunar-orbiting-spacecraft-caused-by-the-ejecta-of-lunar-landers</guid>
      <pubDate>Wed, 31 May 2023 06:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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