98 years ago today, a stray mould in a London basement changed medicine

Fleming at his bench, St Mary's Hospital

28 September 1928, St Mary's Hospital, Paddington. Fleming came back to a stack of Staphylococcus culture plates and one had gone wrong: a blue-green mould had taken hold, and around it sat a clear ring where the bacteria were not growing. He had not grown it on purpose. He kept the plate instead of binning it.

The invader was a Penicillium mould; the halo was penicillin, quietly dissolving the bacteria next door. It took another decade (Florey, Chain, Oxford, a war) to turn that into a drug, but it began with one spoiled culture in a basement lab on Praed Street.

That lab still exists, and you can stand in it: the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum, tucked in a corner of St Mary's.

Hero: Fleming at his bench in that same hospital, a Second World War Ministry of Information photo, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. A later shot, not the 1928 morning itself.


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