Organic Chemistry Modelling 4
We are now going to build the 2nd row of molecules in the infographic below.
Acyl Halide
Ester
Ether
Epoxide
Amine
Amide
Nitrate
Nitrite
Nitrile
Nitro
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chemistry
Organic Chemistry Modelling 3
So on to building models of the functional groups in the infographic on Compound Chemistry.
Alkanes
Alkene
Alkyne
Arene
Haloalkane
Alcohol
Alderhyde
Ketone
Carboxylic Acid
Acid Anhydride
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Organic Chemistry Modelling 2
I have started to build some common functional groups and related molecules. Here we have the Basic HydroCarbon Benzine ( C6 H6, by adding the OH (Alcohol) functional group we get Phenol (2nd picture). ( C6 H5 OH ).
We looked at basic Alkanes yesterday, if we take,for example Methane ( CH4 ) we can replace a Hydrogen with a OH group (Oxygen + Hydrogen) to make methanol. ( CH3 OH)
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Organic Chemistry Modelling
I have been building some organic Chemistry models with Molymods, starting with the first 10 alkanes.
The order of these are
- Methane
- Ethane
- Propane
- Butane
- Pentane
- Hexane
- Heptane
- Octane
- Nonane
- Decane
So going from top to bottom, you get an indication of the number of Carbon atoms in the chain. So 1 for Methane and 10 for Decane.
The general rule is CnH2n+2 BBC Bitesize.
You can find an infographic on organic compound naming on Compound Chemistry
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Plastic Recycling
Plastic recycling is a huge challenge, but it looks like chemists may have found a solution. Seems the biggest issue is identifying and separating the different types of plastic. The solution to this seems quite interesting.
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Home Chemistry 16
Updated 6/8/2023
Now that I have a new batch of Red Cabbage indicator. I would like to investigate some of the chemistry of a recently collected sample of seawater, specifically the following:-
- The pH of seawater.
- If adding eggshells changes the pH.
Background to this
Eggshell, contains Calcium Carbonate $\ce{CaCO3}$ when added to vinegar $\ce{CH3COOH}$ the pH value increases.
Related information
Adding eggshell to vinegar increases the pH of the vinegar. I will write up my experiment / results and share this. What I want to know is can eggshell do the same to seawater.
This may be a possible solution to ocean acidification.
Links
Write-up
You can find my write up for this experiment in PDF here. You may want to right click and download, otherwise it will probably just open in a browser. Provided as-is, but it should cover what I did, my results and conclusion.
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#Chemistry,#HomeChemistry,#HomeChemistry16,#Science,#Seawater,#pH,#Investigation
Home Chemistry 15
The red cabbage indicator that I am using works fine. However it looks rather red, further investigation and starting discussion on Science Forums about this, suggested a cause and solution.
In essence the indicator is acidic, hence the read colour rather than the purple neutral colour.
I have now made up a new batch, which looks a lot better
The image above illustrates the old indicator on the right hand side, the new is in the beaker on the left. You can see quite a big difference in colour.
I have extracted the pH colour scale from the original infographic below
Video
There is a 3 min Video here that I made while making the new batch of indicator up.
- Add hot water to beaker
- Add red cabbage to water
- Mix (until water is the required purple colour)
- All to cool
- Add to regent bottle
Created more indicator as required.
Discussion
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#Chemistry,#HomeChemistry,#HomeChemistry15,#Science, #RedCabbageIndicator,#pH,#Scale,#Acid,#Alkali,#Neutral,#Color,#Scale
Home Chemistry 14
New chemistry order arrived on Wednesday, this equipment will allow for further useful chemistry both at home and at the STEM group meeting.
Volumetric flask is used to make accurate measurements when making up specific volumes of liquids or solutions.
A burette can be used for Titration. An solution of known concentration is put in to the burette, an solution of unknown concentration is can be put in the flask. The two can be mixed by adding a very small amount at a time, for example 0.5ml or 1ml.
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#Chemistry,#HomeChemistry,#HomeChemistry14,#Science,#Equipment, #MolarSolutionCalculator
Home Chemistry 13
At the March STEM group meeting last month we undertook an activity using red cabbage indicator.
I have been working on a follow up activity to examine what happens when eggshells are added to vinegar and how this changes the pH of the solution.
Equipment
- Test tube rack
- 2 x Test tubes
- 2x pipettes
- Goggles
- Lab coat (optional)
- Gloves (optional but ideal if you have some)
- COMMON SENSE
Chemicals
- White Vinegar
- Red Cabbage indicator
- Egg shells (crushed to small pieces)
Method
We will use one test tube as a 'control' to compare the results.
- To the first test tube add 6 ml of Vinegar and 6 ml of Indicator.
- Repeat for the second test tube.
- Shake gently to mix if needed
- To one of the test tubes only add some crushed egg shells, make sure they reach the liquid in the test tube
- Shake gently if needed to help mix
If you now wait a while you will notice a colour change in the second tube, compared to the first tube.
What is happening
The calcium carbonate (alkali) in the eggshell reacts with the vinegar (acid) and neutralises the acid. You should be able to see bubbles.
Results
The control is on the left hand side, results are on the right. You can see a clear difference in colour.
Further reading
We can have a go at this at the Saturday STEM group meeting to confirm the results and may be try this out with different acids.
Maybe discuss further and share results on the Science Forums – Experiments section
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