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from Redlayn

This writing is unfinished, and the following post is a sample.

”... are you ready to explore the unknown?” I sigh and close the book. I put it in my lap, resting my hands on top of it, and ponder about the ending of the story I just finished. An open ending that invites readers to stay tuned for the next installment of the series. Quite an underhanded cliffhanger move, but alas, some writers keep their fan base with such methods. I look out the library's window. There are plenty of young adults walking around or just chatting away in the grassy parks that surround the University, beyond the library's walls. The University's library is my quiet, solitary respite. One of the walls is lined with big windows, letting some daylight in for reading, but to preserve the books, none are near the sun rays – the shelves are on the opposite side, many meters away. The whole interior is mostly made from mahogany wood, giving the library an antique, dark look. There are many tables, couches and sofas scattered around, but the biggest highlight for me are the fireplaces. There are a handful along the walls, with a single, big fireplace at the end of the library – opposite the doors. Many legends get passed around – the students, teachers and even the librarians themselves keep talking about tales of ghosts, secret rooms and strange occurrences like shifting ladders, flying books, talking lamps. I've been studying here for 3 years now and most of my afternoons are spent in the library, so I can tell you – I've not seen any. When I first came to the library, I was overwhelmed by it's sheer size. The bookshelves are so tall, there is a floor in between them, and still, to access all the books – be it on the ground level or the top – you need a ladder. I instantly fell in love with the quiet darkness of the mahogany wood. I spent some days just admiring every nook and cranny of the library – sitting by the fireplace, brushing my fingertips across thousands of book spines, leaning against the railing on the top floor just looking out of the big windows, observing the other students and their daily happenings. As I sit there with the book in my lap, my eyelids start to feel heavy – and so I close them, to rest my eyes for a little while. When I open them back up, the grassy parks are empty, spottily illuminated with lamps. It's dark outside now. I fell asleep. I shift in my seat a little bit. I look at my lap and see that the book is now gone – instead, I am covered with a blanket. Normally, one would think that it was a thoughtful gesture, except for the fact that the library should definitely be closed right now – and no one is allowed to be here after-hours. The library is dark. The fireplaces have been extinguished and the lamps turned off, yet there is a faint orange hue enlightening my immediate surroundings. I look to the right of my seat, where a couple of tables and chairs are arranged for sitting. One of the lamps on the tables is turned on and there is a girl sitting there, reading a book. I try to take a glimpse of the time on my wristwatch, but it is too dark for me to see, even with the hue. I get up and sit across the girl at the table. She pays me no mind, not even looking up. I look at my watch again. It's midnight. How come none of the librarians spotted me when locking up? They always go around the whole library, checking if anyone has stayed late – and I am not really somewhere in a corner tucked away – rather, I am in the middle, so how come they did not wake me up? After stumbling over my thoughts a couple of times, I manage to cough up some of the most pressing questions I had. “Excuse me,” I call out to the girl sitting across me, “I uh.. I just wanted to ask if you were the one that put the blanket on me. I was wondering why you did not wake me up – or why the librarians didn't – because according to my watch, it is past midnight, and eh, we shouldn't be at the library after it closes – that is a, uhm, rule we've been told by the staff.” She finally looks up at me. The first thing that strikes me as slightly odd are her eyes. The ambient darkness coupled with the faint glow of the lamp makes her features hard to see, yet her irises are seemingly glowing in the dark – with the color of a striking turquoise blending with emerald at the edges. Another feature of theirs is that they do not have a circular pupil – rather it's slit, like a cat's. I pass and observe a lot of students, but I've never seen her before. Her lips curl into a little smile and she speaks up. “Yes, it was my doing – I put the blanket on you, and also shooed away the librarians.” She closes the book, and I notice it is the same book I finished reading a few hours ago. She puts her elbow onto the table, resting her chin in her hand. With a mischievous grin, she gives me a look that screams “yeah I did, so what are you going to do about it?” Damn. “Okay, uhh, may I ask why, exactly? You could have approached me anytime during the afternoons I spend here, if you, uh, wanted to talk to me specifically...” I put my elbows on the table and lean forward slightly, “Frankly, I don't think there is a reason for you to keep me here unless you wanted to talk to me, so why do it like this?” “It's because I couldn't do it any other way.” “You couldn't? Why?” “I've an agreement with the librarians – I will not come out until the library is closed. and besides,” she added, “there were too many people around.” Excuse me, come out of where? “Sure, uh... Well then, did you want to discuss something with me, or are you just making fun of me?” She raises her eyebrows in surprise. “Stingy. But yes, I do want to talk to you. I have been observing you for some time to make sure I can talk to you openly, and I've come to the conclusion that your attitude and thinking processes are developed enough for you to not dismiss me as a fool right away, but instead, you will listen to me and inquire further. You ready?” I lean back on the chair to make myself comfy, then nod to signal her to go on. “Alright. My name is Aileen and I'm actually a ghost, and an ancient one to boot,” I raise an eyebrow, quickly making her stop for a moment and pout. “Don't look at me like that, and listen!”

 
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from ankush078

Key Properties of PP Spunbond Nonwoven Fabric

Polypropylene (PP) spunbond nonwoven fabric has gained immense popularity in various industries due to its exceptional properties and versatility. As one of the leading materials in the nonwoven fabric industry, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric offers a range of benefits that make it suitable for diverse applications. This article explores the key properties of PP spunbond nonwoven fabric and sheds light on the role of Spunbond nonwoven manufacturers in Gujarat and pp nonwoven fabric suppliers in India.

What is PP Spunbond Nonwoven Fabric?

PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is a type of nonwoven fabric made from polypropylene fibers that are bonded together through a mechanical, thermal, or chemical process. The result is a strong, lightweight, and breathable material that is resistant to moisture, chemicals, and UV rays. Due to these properties, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is widely used in various industries such as agriculture, healthcare, automotive, and construction.

Key Properties of PP Spunbond Nonwoven Fabric

Strength and Durability: PP spunbond nonwoven fabric exhibits high tensile strength and durability, making it suitable for applications that require robust materials. Its resistance to tearing and abrasion ensures long-lasting performance, even in challenging environments.

Breathability: Despite being a tightly woven fabric, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is breathable, allowing air and moisture vapor to pass through. This property makes it ideal for use in hygiene products, medical textiles, and protective clothing.

Chemical Resistance: PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is resistant to most chemicals, acids, and alkalis, making it a preferred choice for applications that involve exposure to harsh chemicals.

UV Resistance: The fabric offers excellent UV resistance, making it suitable for outdoor applications such as agricultural covers, landscaping fabrics, and protective clothing.

Cost-Effective: PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is cost-effective compared to other materials, offering a balance between performance and affordability.

Role of Spunbond Nonwoven Manufacturers in Gujarat

Gujarat is home to several spunbond nonwoven manufacturers who play a crucial role in meeting the growing demand for high-quality nonwoven fabrics. These manufacturers utilize state-of-the-art technology and innovative manufacturing processes to produce PP spunbond nonwoven fabric that meets international standards.

By partnering with Spunbond non woven fabric exporters in Gujarat, industries across the globe can access top-quality PP spunbond nonwoven fabric tailored to their specific requirements. These exporters ensure timely delivery and provide comprehensive support to their clients, making them a preferred choice for businesses looking to source nonwoven fabrics from India.

PP Nonwoven Fabric Suppliers in India

In addition to manufacturers, there are numerous PP nonwoven fabric suppliers in India who offer a wide range of products to cater to various industries. These suppliers stock different grades and specifications of PP spunbond nonwoven fabric, allowing customers to choose the most suitable material for their applications.

Whether you are looking for raw materials or finished products, PP nonwoven fabric suppliers in India can provide customized solutions to meet your needs. Their extensive network and logistics capabilities ensure seamless supply chain management, making them valuable partners for businesses operating in diverse sectors.

In conclusion, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is a versatile material with a range of properties that make it suitable for diverse applications across various industries. With the presence of reputable spunbond nonwoven manufacturers in Gujarat and reliable PP nonwoven fabric suppliers in India, businesses can access top-quality products tailored to their needs. As the demand for sustainable and innovative materials continues to grow, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is expected to remain a preferred choice for many industries worldwide.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the typical applications of PP spunbond nonwoven fabric? PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is used in a wide range of applications, including agriculture (crop covers, mulching), healthcare (surgical gowns, masks), automotive (interior upholstery, insulation), and construction (geotextiles, roofing membranes).

Is PP spunbond nonwoven fabric recyclable? Yes, PP spunbond nonwoven fabric is recyclable and can be processed to produce new products, reducing environmental impact and promoting sustainability.

How does PP spunbond nonwoven fabric compare to other nonwoven fabrics? PP spunbond nonwoven fabric offers a unique combination of strength, durability, breathability, and chemical resistance, making it a preferred choice for many applications. Compared to other nonwoven fabrics, PP spunbond is often more cost-effective and versatile.

What factors should I consider when choosing a PP nonwoven fabric supplier? When choosing a PP nonwoven fabric supplier, consider factors such as product quality, reliability, pricing, delivery capabilities, and customer support. It's essential to partner with a supplier who can meet your specific requirements and provide consistent, high-quality products.

 
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from Redlayn

I'd like to retell you a chance encounter I had not too long ago. It happened on a windy, autumn evening. As I was walking through the old city center of Our Town, it started raining. Normally, I wouldn't pat it much attention, but I bought a new coat just yesterday and, fearing that it might get damaged, I quickly scurried to a nearby store that sold raincoats – an umbrella would be useless in the wind. I paid, put the raincoat over my dear new coat and planned to quickly walk to the nearest tram stop to get home.

Alas, fate had other plans. After walking what felt like 10 steps, the rain started to pour down so heavily, I had no choice but to seek refuge in a nearby café. I was not the only one seeking it's warmth and dryness, unsurprisingly. The café was packed with people, but fortunately, one table for two remained empty. I took off my raincoat and hanged it by the entrance, then made my way to the empty table. It was at a corner near the window, Quickly scanning the table, I picked up the little menu and skimmed through it. Soon afterwards, a waitress walked over and asked me for my order. I decided for a cappuccino and a cheesecake. She nodded, quickly jotting the order down on her little notepad and left. I didn't have a lot of items on my person at the time – just my house keys, wallet and an MP3 player with earphones. I fished the player out of my pocket, plugged the earphones into my ears and turned it on. Crying Lighting by Arctic Monkeys started playing. I didn't bother with changing the song. I rested my chin on the palm of my hand and watched the rain pour outside. Halfway through the song, the waitress came with my order. I put a pack of brown sugar in the cappuccino and started eating the cheesecake, turning back to the window to mindlessly watch the raindrops fall at an extraordinary speed, in an extraordinary quantity. Time passed, and near the end of the song, someone walked by the window and moments later, the door to the café opened. The person took off their jacket and hanged it next to my raincoat. When they turned around, I could see it was a woman. Shoulder-length brown hair. A familiar face. Face with glasses. I took a sip of my cappuccino. The woman looked around and saw that the only free seat is the one across me. She walked over and as she got a closer look at my face, her expression distorted into a sour grimace at first, surprise next, and an awkward smile last. She ran her hand through her hair, then steeled herself, looked me in the eye and said her opening line. “Hey, V, it's been a while. Mind if I sit with you?” I couldn't help but let out a little chuckle. Yes, it's been a while. 5 years, to be exact, is what I mutter to myself in my head. I take out the earphones from my ears. “Go ahead. I'm not waiting for anyone, and I can't really send you out into the rain now, can I?” I remark. She sits down and looks at the menu. When the waitress comes, she orders a café latté. I was the one to break the silence. “You know, I never blamed you for anything. I know you probably had a good reason to stop answering my calls. I'd just like to tell you I am different from back then. I grew up a little. I started reading again. I got rid of my smartphone. I fell in love with swimming and I started learning to play the guitar. I cut out the toxic people from my life and now enjoy fairly peaceful solitude, but still meet up with one friend of mine occasionally. I write stories and poems as a little hobby. I've come to appreciate the mundane slice of life. There's a lot I'd love to tell you, but after all, it's been 5 years. I don't know the new, grown up you, and you do not know the new, grown up me.” Throughout this monologue of mine, she looked me in the eyes, patiently listening. I took as sip of my cappuccino and finished the last bit of the cheesecake. “That so?” she said and cracked a smile. “That so. And that's why I'd like to ask you – would you like to get to know the new, grown up me? Because the new me would like to meet the grown up you.”

 
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from Redlayn

It is May 3rd 1940. I rushed to my study to write these words as soon as possible, for I do not have much time left. The insanity of man is upon me. This is the 15th night I have woken up from the same nightmare. The previous days, I ignored the sweat, tears and shaking upon regaining my consciousness, but today I cannot bear it any longer. The nightmare is becoming so vivid, I am starting to question what is the true reality. It all starts when my wife and I go to bed in the evening.

She is an avid book reader, and though I am her husband, she does not shy away from criticizing my published works. Upon reading my latest piece, she cannot help but worry about the state of my mind. The writing feels nihilistic, cold, distant, incoherent – nothing like what I would have written 2 or 3 years prior, she says. I assure her I am just exploring a new style, yet from her face I can see I am only wasting my breath – she does not believe me. She opens her mouth to say something, yet in that moment, our daughter opens the door and peeks inside. Bad dream – she asks if she can sleep with us. My wife agrees, so she comes up to the bed, climbing in between us. My wife strokes her hair, gently, and then gives her a hug. I close my eyes, breathe a heavy sigh, turn my head towards the foot of the bed. I open my eyes. There is a tall shadow figure standing in the room. No face. Long legs. Long arms with three long fingers. It walks to the bed. I am paralyzed. I cannot scream. I feel my heartrate getting faster. My wife and daughter do not see the monster. The shadow figure gets closer. And closer. My wife lets go of our daughter, telling her to lay down and sleep. The shadow figure reaches for my daughter's chest, burying it's fingers into it. Flesh tears, bones crack, blood soaks her night gown. My wife does not see it. She sits there, staring beyond our daughter's eyes. My daughter does not even flinch. The shadow fingers penetrate her chest through. They grasp her heart and rip it out. The shadow fingers hold it in front of me, as if it were showcasing a trophy. The heart is pulsating with life. Then the shadow fingers crush it to a bloody goo. It spills all over the bed. I sit there, unmoving, still paralyzed. My wife looks at me with her blue eyes, and blinks. At that moment, there are no blue irises looking at me. Just pure, pitch black. A soulless void. My daughter, up until now still looking at her mother, turns her gaze to me too. Pure, pitch black. A soulless void. All I can do is stare at it until it consumes me.


On May 4th 1940, the Arcibald family has been found dead in their mansion. The corpses of the mother and daughter, Lesley Arcibald and Hannah Arcibald, were severely mutilated. The police says it was so horrific, they cannot offer us a description. The head of the family, Otto Arcibald, was found hanged in his study. The police suspect Mr. Arcibald murdered his family and then committed suicide. The motive behind the murders is unknown. Relatives, friends and colleagues report that Otto Arcibald has not bee doing well as an author in the recent months. “He was mentally unstable and could have resorted to substance abuse,” says his sister, Elizabeth Gestrand. It truly is a tragedy that such a vile murder happened in our town again.

 
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from Redlayn

“Is it really okay for us to be here?” I ask, my voice trembling as we pass a ‘Private property! Keep out!’ sign. She just glances at me over her shoulder and keeps moving on, slowly, yet with no hesitation in her step. “What, are you scared of a sign? Don’t worry – no one comes here, there are no guards nor cameras either.” She exhales. “Were you always such a coward?” I furrow my brows and look down, burnt by her words. “I guess so.” I murmur under my breath. I start walking towards her to shorten the increased distance that she put between us and sigh. “Why are we trespassing on private property a few minutes after you magically come into town after so many years?” I ask, glaring at her from behind. She just chuckles, not even thinking about turning around to look at me. “There’s something I want you to see here. Trust me, you won’t regret it.” “You sure about that?” I scoff at her. She pays me no mind and keeps walking on. Guess there’s no helping it. I got myself into this mess, so might as well follow through with it. The silence between us feels suffocating. Why did I even agree to this? “It’s been a long time. You got nothing to say to me after all that you’ve done?” I hiss at her, much more aggressively than I had intended. This time, I grab her attention and she looks at me, yet I regret seeing her face at that moment. Her expression was full of pain and sorrow. I’ve not seen her like that ever before, and I am glad I didn’t. I raise my hand to catch hers, yet she moves away and looks the other way again. “Nothing in particular, I suppose. Nothing yet.” After a short pause, she interrupted the silence. “We’ll be there soon. Hang on a little longer, okay?” A 'Mhm' as all I could reply with. I was still shocked from what I had seen earlier, and it unsettled me. Soon enough, after more silent walking through a dense forest, we arrived. Where? Somewhere beautiful and surreal. “Woah.” I gasped in surprise. We were, quite literally, at the edge of the world. She stood on the edge of a cliff, embraced by a galaxy. Looking down from the cliff, below us was a pitch black abyss that a little bit higher seeped into a dark blue that further joined with mainly a light blue and a dark-ish purple color. Over this canvas, shiny dots were scattered everywhere, forming a dazzling sight. “Welcome to the edge of reality.” She remarked, tearing me apart from the fact I ignored her and just gawked at what was in front of us. “I told you you wouldn’t regret it.” She chuckled. “You were right. Absolutely right.” I nodded. “Now then, back to business. I know that my visit was sudden, but I have something I need to do.” As she said that, she grabbed me, pulled her lips to mine, and pushed us off the cliff. I had no idea what to do, yet her warmth was so comforting I closed my eyes, embraced her, melting from the feeling of her lips as we fell. When I opened my eyes, she was gone. I was sprawled on the cold, hard ground. I sat up, and then I realized where I was. In front of me, a grave – and on that grave, a familiar name was etched into the dark stone, reminding me that all that happened was just a fantasy – my escape – from reality.

 
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from petrz0425

The original text of the article is located at https://muv.com.ua/blog/detail/2 How to choose an apartment in the secondary real estate market

You decided to buy an apartment on the secondary market, pay attention to our warnings and advice.

First of all, pay attention to the area of the future purchase of housing. If you buy an apartment for further renting, then the outskirts of the city should be considered last. Here comes into force the rule of rental demand. That is, is there a sufficient number of people who want to live in this particular area. This factor is influenced by many factors: the availability of good communication with other parts of the city by car or public transport, the availability of the necessary infrastructure in the form of supermarkets, shops, markets, schools, kindergartens, places for recreation and so on. If the central part of the city is not accessible for you, you should consider sleeping areas with developed infrastructure.

If you buy a home for personal living with your family, you need to pay attention to the profitability of housing. Of course, it is possible to stay in your native area, where every street is familiar to you and there are many friends and acquaintances. But I suggest to look a little bit into the future and think. If the area is being renovated, new houses, shops, infrastructure are being built, or it is a new area with many new buildings, then you can safely choose it. But if you do not see the prospects of renewal of the area, think about it. Imagine how your children will live here. In what conditions and what will be around? Housing in a profitable area will always be in demand. Even if you are forced to sell the apartment, it will not lose in value and there will always be buyers.

Next, you should pay attention to the building in which you will buy an apartment. There are many different buildings that differ in design features and year of commissioning. Further in more detail:

Kateryninka is a house from two to four floors. Built in the early 20th century. Built of quality brick, but have wooden floors. High ceilings from 3 meters. Service life from 100 years and more, provided that the integrity of the wooden floor is preserved. Stalinka is a multi-storey building, from two to twelve floors high (most up to 6 floors). The construction period is from 1933 to 1961. Houses were built of brick, ceiling height from 3 meters. The service life is from 125 to 150 years. Khrushchovka is a multi-storey building of four or five floors. The construction period is 1956-1973. Can be both panel and brick. Ceiling height up to 2.5 meters. Rooms and bathrooms are usually adjacent, except for corner apartments. Small kitchen area 4-6 m2. The service life is 50-75 years and more. Brezhnovka is a high-rise building with a ceiling height of 2.5 to 2.7 meters. The period of construction is 1964-1985. Most have separate rooms. Five to sixteen stories high. Most houses are of panel construction, but may also be of brick. In many cities accustomed to that Brezhnevka is five floors and 9 floors building and above is high-rise, so there were other names. This can include and living room, cheshki, small families, hostels, Leningrad, special. projects. The service life of 50-75 years and more. Since 1990 the construction of frame-monolithic type houses began in Ukraine. They are usually called new buildings. Standard construction is over, the era of diversity of building projects began. The ceilings height was from 2.5 to 3.5 meters. On the first and last floors, the ceiling height can be up to 4-5 meters. Different layouts of apartments. The height of the house is limited only by the project, taking into account the wind load. In Ukraine, there are monolithic frame houses more than 160m high and more than 45 floors. WARNING: I do not recommend buying an apartment in a house with wooden ceilings. They have outlived their usefulness, and need major repairs or reconstruction at a minimum.

You can find an apartment on the secondary market here https://muv.com.ua/

 
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from Redlayn

“That tickles.” She chuckles and shifts a bit in her seat. The touch of the brush's bristles send shivers down her spine, but she tries to endure it. I give her a faint kiss on her shoulder. “I know it does, but hey, you agreed to it.” She nods and I continue painting. The brush trails along her skin as a dancer on the dance floor enthralling her audience with light movements. As my brush reaches to dabble in more red, it is only met with a tiny splatter on the palette, marking the spot where the paint once was. I scan the ground looking for a refill, yet there is none. Puzzled, I stare at the ground for a while. I swear I put enough paint near me so I didn't have to get up, but it seems that my mind is playing tricks on me. She turns around and asks what's wrong. I let her know I ran out of paint and will go fetch a refill. I turn around on the stool and get up, walking towards the cabinet with my paint supplies. I rummage through it for a bit before finding the red paint. I smile in victory and turn around to go back to painting, but she's gone. “Izzy?” I call out, yet there is no response. The air turns cold and an icy chill runs down my spine. She couldn't have left... I would have heard her. Looking around the room, I notice a painting covered up in one of the corners. That's weird... I don't remember having a work in progress that size. I walk over to the painting and take the cover off. A pair of blue eyes meets my gaze, and I realize to whom they belong. My breathing becomes heavy. I gasp for air, yet I cannot push it through my lungs. I fall to my knees clutching my head. Ah yes... She did leave... forever, unable to return... My only hope of seeing her whole again, enshrined in this painting before me, mocking me to pick up the brush again if I dare. And so I do. I pick up the brush with my trembling hands. I paint uneasy strokes, barely registering the motions through the tears welling in my eyes. My chest tightens, my heart screams out and my soul wails in sorrow with every stroke. The brush and palette fall out of my hands. My arms follow, falling next to my body in defeat. My hand brushes against an object in my pocket. I reach for it. It's a lighter. I light the flame. it's right there before me, unwavering, existing in peace. I move it towards the lower right corner of the painting. The flames slowly envelop the canvas, hugging the image of my beloved. And so I too join the flames in hugging my beloved, close to my heart. They pull me into the embrace. The icy air around me finally turns warm again.

 
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from petrz0425

Оригинальный текст на сайте https://muv.com.ua/blog/detail/2 Как выбрать квартиру на вторичном рынке недвижимости

Ты решил приобрести квартиру на вторичном рынке, в таком случае обрати внимание на наши предостережения и советы.

Прежде всего обрати внимание на район будущего приобретения жилья. Если ты приобретаешь квартиру для дальнейшей сдачи в аренду, то окраины города следует рассматривать в последнюю очередь. Здесь вступает в силу правило востребованности аренды. То есть есть ли достаточное количество людей, желающих жить именно в этом районе. На это влияет много факторов: доступность хорошего сообщения с другими районами города на авто или городском транспорте, наличие необходимой инфраструктуры в виде супермаркетов, магазинов, рынков, школ, детских садов, мест для отдыха и так далее. Если центральная часть города тебе недоступна, следует рассмотреть спальные районы с развитой инфраструктурой.

Если вы приобретете жилье для личного проживания с семьей, нужно обратить внимание на рентабельность жилья. Конечно, можно остановиться на своем родном районе, где каждая улица тебе знакома и здесь много друзей и знакомых. Но предлагаю заглянуть немного в будущее и поразмыслить. Если район обновляется, строятся новые дома, магазины, инфраструктура, или это и есть новый район с множеством новостроек, ты можешь смело останавливать свой выбор на нем. Но если вы не видите перспектив обновления района, поразмышляйте над этим. Представьте, как здесь будут жить ваши дети. В каких условиях и что будет вокруг? Жилье в рентабельном районе всегда будет востребовано. Даже если вы будете вынуждены продать квартиру, она не потеряет цену и всегда найдутся покупатели.

Дальше ты должен уделить внимание зданию, в котором ты будешь приобретать квартиру. Существует много разных домов, отличающихся конструктивными особенностями и годом ввода в эксплуатацию. Далее подробнее:

Екатерининка – это дома от двух до четырех этажей. Построены в начале 20 века. Построены из качественного кирпича, но имеют деревянные перекрытия. Высокие потолки от 3 метров. Срок службы от 100 лет и более при условии сохранения целостности деревянного перекрытия. Сталинка это многоэтажное здание, высотой от двух до двенадцати этажей (большинство до 6 этажей). Период строительства с 1933г. по 1961г. Дома строили из кирпича, высота потолков от 3 метров. Срок службы от 125 до 150 лет. Хрущевка – это многоэтажное здание четырех или пяти этажное. Период строительства 1956–1973 годы. Могут быть как панельные, так и кирпичные. Высота потолков до 2.5 метров. Комнаты и санузел обычно смежные, исключение-угловые квартиры. Небольшая площадь кухни 4-6 м2. Срок службы 50-75 лет и больше. Брежновка – это многоэтажный дом с высотой потолка от 2.5 до 2,7 метра. Период строительства 1964–1985 годы. В большинстве своем имеют раздельные комнаты. Высота от пяти до шестнадцати этажей. В основном дома панельные, но могут быть и из кирпича. Во многих городах привыкли что Брежновка это 5ти этажка, а 9-ти этажное здание и выше это уже высотка, поэтому появились и другие названия. Сюда можно отнести и гостинки, чешки, малосемейки, общежития, ленинградки, спец. проекты. Срок службы 50-75 лет и больше. С 1990 г. в Украине началось строительство домов монолитно-каркасного типа. Их обычно называют новостройками. Типовое строительство закончилось, началась эра разнообразия проектов зданий. Высота потолков от 2,5 до 3,5 метра. На первых и последних этажах высота потолков может достигать 4-5 метров. Различные планировки квартир. Высотность такого дома ограничена только проектом, с учетом ветровой нагрузки. В Украине есть монолитно-каркасные дома высотой более 160м и более 45 этажей. ВНИМАНИЕ: не рекомендую покупать квартиру в доме с деревянными перекрытиями. Они уже отжили свое, и нуждаются в капитальном ремонте или реконструкции как минимум.

Выбрать квартиру на вторичном рынке в твоем городе ты сможешь найти на https://muv.com.ua/

 
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from petrz0425

Оригінальна стаття на https://muv.com.ua/blog/detail/2 Як вибрати квартиру на вторинному ринку нерухомості

Ти вирішив придбати квартиру на вторинному ринку, зверни увагу на наші застереження та поради.

Перш за все зверни увагу на район майбутнього придбання житла. Якщо ти придбаєш квартиру для подальшої здачі в оренду, то околиці міста слід розглядати в останню чергу. Тут вступає в силу правило затребуваності оренди. Тобто, чи є достатня кількість людей, яка бажає жити саме в цьому районі. На цей чинник впливає багато факторів: доступність гарного сполучення з іншими районами міста на авто чи на міському транспорті, наявність необхідної інфраструктури у вигляді супермаркетів, магазинів, ринків, шкіл, дитячих садочків, місць для відпочинку и так далі. Якщо центральна частина міста для тебе недоступна, слід розглянути спальні райони з розвиненою інфраструктурою.

Перш за все зверни увагу на район майбутнього придбання житла. Якщо ти придбаєш квартиру для подальшої здачі в оренду, то околиці міста слід розглядати в останню чергу. Тут вступає в силу правило затребуваності оренди. Тобто, чи є достатня кількість людей, яка бажає жити саме в цьому районі. На цей чинник впливає багато факторів: доступність гарного сполучення з іншими районами міста на авто чи на міському транспорті, наявність необхідної інфраструктури у вигляді супермаркетів, магазинів, ринків, шкіл, дитячих садочків, місць для відпочинку и так далі. Якщо центральна частина міста для тебе недоступна, слід розглянути спальні райони з розвиненою інфраструктурою.

Далі ти повинен звернути увагу на будівлю, в якій ти будеш придбати квартиру. Існує багато різних будинків, які відрізняються конструктивними особливостями та роком введення в експлуатацію. Далі докладніше:

Катеринінка це будинок від двох до чотирьох поверхів. Побудовані на початку 20го століття. Побудовані з якісної цегли, але мають дерев’яні перекриття. Високі стелі від 3 метрів. Термін служби від 100 років і більше, за умови збереження цілісності дерев’яного перекриття. Сталінка це багатоповерховий будинок, висотою від двох до дванадцяти поверхів (більшість до 6 поверхів). Період будівництва з 1933р. по 1961р. Будинки будували з цегли, висота стелі від 3 метрів. Термін служби від 125 до 150 років. Хрущовка це багатоповерховий будинок чотирьох або п’яти поверховий. Період будівництва 1956-1973 роки. Можуть бути як панельні, так і з цегли. Висота стелі до 2.5 метрів. Кімнати та санвузол зазвичай суміжні, виняток-кутові квартири. Мала площа кухні 4-6 м2. Термін служби 50-75 років і більше. Брежнівка це багатоповерховий будинок з висотою стелі від 2.5 до 2,7 метра. Період будівництва 1964-1985 роки. В більшості мають роздільні кімнати. Висота від п’яти до шістнадцяти поверхів. В основному будинки панельні, але можуть бути і з цегли. В багатьох містах звикли що Брежнівка до 5 поверхів, а 9ти поверховий будинок і вище то вже висотка, тому з’явилися і інші назви. Сюди можливо віднести і Гостинки, Чешки, Малосімейки, Гуртожитки, Ленінградки. Термін служби 50-75 років і більше. Брежнівка це багатоповерховий будинок з висотою стелі від 2.5 до 2,7 метра. Період будівництва 1964-1985 роки. В більшості мають роздільні кімнати. Висота від п’яти до шістнадцяти поверхів. В основному будинки панельні, але можуть бути і з цегли. В багатьох містах звикли що Брежнівка до 5 поверхів, а 9ти поверховий будинок і вище то вже висотка, тому з’явилися і інші назви. Сюди можливо віднести і Гостинки, Чешки, Малосімейки, Гуртожитки, Ленінградки. Термін служби 50-75 років і більше. УВАГА: не рекомендую придбати квартиру у будинку з дерев’яними перекриттями. Вони вже віджили своє, та потребують капітального ремонту або реконструкції як мінімум.

Усі варіанти квартир на вторинному ринку у твоєму місті ти можеш знайти на https://muv.com.ua/

 
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from ankush078

How LDPE Shrink Films Improve Product Presentation

In today's competitive marketplace, product presentation plays a pivotal role in capturing consumer attention and influencing purchasing decisions. One of the most effective tools for enhancing product presentation is LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene) shrink films. These films not only offer protection but also significantly elevate the aesthetic appeal of products. This article delves into the ways LDPE shrink films improve product presentation and highlights the importance of choosing the right Shrink film supplier in Ahmedabad, a hub for manufacturing excellence in India.

What are LDPE Shrink Films?

LDPE shrink films are made from low-density polyethylene, a thermoplastic polymer known for its flexibility, durability, and transparency. These films are designed to shrink when exposed to heat, conforming tightly to the shape of the product they encase. This property makes them ideal for packaging a wide range of products, from food items and beverages to electronics and household goods.

Enhancing Product Visibility One of the primary advantages of using LDPE shrink films is their ability to enhance product visibility. The transparent nature of these films allows consumers to see the product inside, providing a clear view of its quality, features, and branding. This increased visibility can be a powerful marketing tool, especially for products that rely on visual appeal to attract customers.

Protecting Products from External Factors Beyond aesthetics, LDPE shrink films offer excellent protection against external factors such as moisture, dust, and tampering. The tight seal created by the shrink film acts as a barrier, safeguarding products from potential damage during storage, transportation, and display. This protective layer not only preserves the integrity of the product but also enhances its shelf life, reducing the likelihood of returns and customer complaints.

Cost-Effective Packaging Solution LDPE shrink films are also a cost-effective packaging solution for businesses of all sizes. Their lightweight nature reduces shipping costs, while their high strength-to-weight ratio ensures that products remain secure during transit. Additionally, the shrink film's ability to conform to irregular shapes eliminates the need for custom packaging, further reducing packaging costs.

Eco-Friendly Option In today's environmentally conscious world, sustainability is a key consideration for many consumers. LDPE shrink films are recyclable, making them an eco-friendly packaging option. By choosing LDPE shrink films, businesses can demonstrate their commitment to sustainability while still delivering high-quality, visually appealing products to consumers.

Choosing the Right Supplier

When it comes to sourcing LDPE shrink films, selecting the right supplier is crucial for ensuring product quality and consistency. Ahmedabad, often referred to as the Manchester of the East, is home to several reputable shrink film manufacturers in India. These manufacturers leverage advanced technologies and industry expertise to produce high-quality LDPE shrink films tailored to meet the specific needs of their clients.

As a prominent hub for manufacturing excellence, Ahmedabad offers businesses access to a diverse range of Shrink wrap manufacturers in Ahmedabad. Whether you're looking for standard shrink films or custom solutions, Ahmedabad's extensive supplier network ensures that you can find the perfect fit for your packaging requirements.

In conclusion, LDPE shrink films offer a myriad of benefits for improving product presentation, from enhancing visibility and protection to providing a cost-effective and eco-friendly packaging solution. By partnering with a reliable Shrink film manufacturers in India, businesses can leverage these advantages to create visually appealing, secure, and sustainable packaging solutions that resonate with consumers and drive sales.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the difference between LDPE and other types of shrink films? LDPE shrink films are made from low-density polyethylene, which offers superior flexibility and clarity compared to other types of shrink films. This makes LDPE shrink films ideal for packaging products that require a high level of visibility and aesthetic appeal.

2. Are LDPE shrink films recyclable? Yes, LDPE shrink films are recyclable, making them an eco-friendly packaging option for businesses looking to reduce their environmental impact.

3. Can LDPE shrink films be used with automated packaging machinery? Absolutely! LDPE shrink films are compatible with a wide range of automated packaging machinery, making them suitable for high-volume production environments.

4. How do I choose the right shrink film supplier in Ahmedabad? When choosing a shrink film supplier in Ahmedabad, consider factors such as reputation, product quality, pricing, and customer service. Look for suppliers who have a proven track record of delivering high-quality products and excellent customer support.

 
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from ankush078

The Role of FIBC Jumbo Bags in the Chemical Industry

FIBC (Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers) Jumbo Bags, commonly known as bulk bags or sling bags, play a pivotal role in the chemical industry. These large, flexible bags are designed to store and transport a wide range of materials, including chemicals, minerals, food products, and more. With their robust construction and versatility, FIBC Jumbo Bags have become an indispensable asset for businesses in the chemical sector.

Sling Bag Manufacturers in Gujarat

Gujarat, a leading industrial state in India, is home to several sling bag manufacturers. These manufacturers produce high-quality FIBC Jumbo Bags tailored to the specific needs of the chemical industry. The state's strategic location and robust infrastructure make it a hub for manufacturing and exporting these essential packaging solutions.

The Sling bag manufacturers in Gujarat leverage advanced technologies and quality materials to ensure the durability and safety of their products. Their expertise in crafting customized FIBC Jumbo Bags makes them preferred suppliers for chemical companies seeking reliable packaging solutions.

FIBC Jumbo Bag Exporters in Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad, the largest city in Gujarat, is a prominent center for FIBC Jumbo Bag exporters. These exporters specialize in supplying bulk bags to international markets, catering to the global demand for efficient and secure packaging solutions. Their extensive network and logistics capabilities enable them to deliver high-quality products to customers worldwide.

FIBC Jumbo Bag exporters in Ahmedabad adhere to international quality standards and regulations, ensuring compliance with safety and environmental guidelines. Their commitment to excellence has earned them a reputation for reliability and trustworthiness in the global market.

FIBC Jumbo Bag Supplier in India

India, as a major producer and exporter of FIBC Jumbo Bags, has numerous suppliers catering to the diverse needs of the chemical industry. These suppliers offer a comprehensive range of products, from standard to custom-designed bulk bags, to meet specific packaging requirements.

Singhal Industries Private Limited, being a leading FIBC Jumbo Bag supplier in India involves maintaining high standards of quality, innovation, and customer service. Suppliers focus on continuous research and development to enhance the performance and sustainability of their products, ensuring they remain competitive in the market.

In conclusion, FIBC Jumbo Bags play an integral role in the chemical industry, providing a safe, efficient, and sustainable packaging solution for a wide range of materials. Whether produced by sling bag manufacturers in Gujarat, exported by FIBC Jumbo Bag exporters in Ahmedabad, or supplied by leading suppliers across India, these versatile containers continue to drive efficiency and innovation in chemical handling and logistics.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. What are FIBC Jumbo Bags? FIBC Jumbo Bags, or Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers, are large, flexible containers used for storing and transporting bulk materials. They are commonly used in the chemical industry to safely handle hazardous and non-hazardous substances.

2. What are the key features of FIBC Jumbo Bags? Key features of FIBC Jumbo Bags include their robust construction, UV resistance, static protection, and various lifting options like loops and sling bags. They are available in different sizes, capacities, and configurations to suit specific application requirements.

3. How are FIBC Jumbo Bags manufactured? FIBC Jumbo Bags are manufactured using polypropylene or polyethylene fabrics, which are woven to create a durable and flexible container. The bags are designed with safety factors, such as lifting loops and spouts, to facilitate easy handling and transportation.

4. What are the benefits of using FIBC Jumbo Bags in the chemical industry? Using FIBC Jumbo Bags in the chemical industry offers several benefits, including cost-effectiveness, space efficiency, and enhanced safety during storage and transportation. These bags also help reduce waste and environmental impact by minimizing the need for additional packaging materials.

5. How to choose the right FIBC Jumbo Bag supplier? When choosing an FIBC Jumbo Bag supplier, consider factors such as their manufacturing capabilities, product quality, certifications, and customer service. It's essential to select a supplier with a proven track record and expertise in the chemical industry to ensure reliable and compliant packaging solutions.

 
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from crypto-agorism

Crypto Agorism unites agorists and cryptocurrency users to build fair and free markets outside of the state, which bypass the state's unethical monopoly on money (fiat), monopoly on identity (government ID) and monopoly on markets (regulations).

Agorism – also known as crypto anarchy, Second Realm, cypherpunk, informal economy, parallel economy, and black and gray markets – is a peaceful, voluntary and humanitarian strategy that helps people to access necessities like jobs, housing, healthcare, education, mail, communications and more without government ID or state permission.

Agorism is individualist, meritocratic and creates equal opportunities, where the individual's beliefs, effort and skill matter more than arbitrary circumstances of birth, unjust governments or any other form of discrimination or coercion.

This blog is in the public domain.

Related to: #agorism #anarchism #privacy #anonymity

 
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from crypto-agorism

Crypto Agorism: Free markets for a free world =============================================

Crypto Agorism unites agorists and cryptocurrency users to build fair and free markets outside of the state, which provide necessities like food, jobs, housing, healthcare, sim cards, mail & more without censorship or surveillance.

Video (Peertube): https://tube.tchncs.de/w/tPvohTaiocfg5LEsFjGqHN

Mirror (Youtube): https://youtube.com/watch?v=Qb1W2OvaBkU

Slides are also available below:

Slide 1: Crypto Agorism


Crypto Agorism.

Free markets for a free world.

Slide 2: Contents


This presentation introduces Crypto Agorism, what it is, and how it helps people today to survive outside of the state, and access services without censorship or surveillance. Important tools are cryptocurrencies, anonymous services and gray markets.

Slide 3: What is Crypto Agorism


Agorism means fair and free markets that operate outside of the state. No company registration, ID or permits are required. Examples are under-the-table jobs, informal apartment rentals and anonymous sim cards.

Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Monero are good tools for agorist markets. Unlike banking, no government ID or corporate permission is required. Just download a wallet, and you can send and receive money worldwide without censorship.

Crypto Agorism unites agorists and cryptocurrency users to build practical free markets.

Slide 4: Fair and free markets


Agorism focuses on small businesses, entrepreneurs and communities, not state-backed corporations.

Small businesses are more flexible, offer better, more individualized, service, and have a closer relationship between the buyer and seller.

Small businesses can also offer fairer pay and better working conditions, due to direct deals with the producers, and bypassing middlemen, profiteers and CEOs. An example is direct trade coffee vs. Nestle.

Slide 5: State monopoly on money


Agorism helps you to bypass the state's monopolies on money, identity and markets, which attempt to censor and surveil the free market.

Fiat, such as the US dollar, is the state's monopoly on money. The state can print more money limitlessly and manipulate the economy.

The state also forces government ID requirements onto banks, which excludes millions of people without ID and surveils the financial transactions of everyone else.

As the state is phasing out cash and planning to introduce gatekept and surveilled CBDCs, a free currency is necessary.

Slide 6: Crypto is freedom


Cryptocurrencies are the answer. Crypto operates outside of the state. No country, corporation or individual controls the network or issuance.

No government ID or application is required. Simply download a wallet, and you are ready to earn, spend and save money worldwide.

Crypto transactions are pseudonymous, censorship-resistant, fast and have low fees.

This makes crypto perfect for online shopping, money transfers, fundraising and brick-and-mortar stores. Additionally you can withdraw crypto to physical cash, gift cards or gold.

Slide 7: State monopoly on identity


The tyranny of digital ID already exists, due to the state's monopoly on identity.

The state already refuses to print passports, national ID cards and birth certificates for approximately 1 billion people worldwide.

As more and more services require government ID, this shuts people out from necessities like jobs, apartments, healthcare, mail, sim cards and more.

Sadly there are no alternatives. Flag Theory requires an existing ID, Red Cross doesn't print IDs, and non-government IDs aren't accepted. If someone, for example, wasn't registered at birth, there is no way for them to appeal or access ID in another way.

Slide 8: KYC is censorship


Government ID requirements, also known as KYC, have been excluding innocent people from jobs, housing, healthcare and more since decades.

Not only people who can't get ID, but also people who need pseudonymity for safety reasons, such as activists and victims of abuse.

This artificial barrier to the economy is cruel, fatalistic and puts people in danger. No third party should be able to universally censor an individual from the entire market.

For example, if an employer likes an applicant's skills and work ethic, they should be able to hire this person. In reality, government ID requirements prevent this applicant from finding work anywhere, despite their abilities and efforts. Likewise, if someone is ill, goes to the doctor and can pay in cash, they may be wrongly refused treatment due to no government ID.

In a free market, transactions are between the buyer and seller only. Trades are made on the basis of supply and demand, without censorship from external gatekeepers.

Government ID requirements are unethical, especially as the state refuses to print ID for millions of people. In comparison, agorism doesn't require ID and is open to everyone.

Slide 9: KYC-free services are vital


Agorist KYC-free services don't require government ID or state permission. This provides equal and meritocratic access to services, preserves privacy, and avoids state surveillance and censorship.

Some examples are under-the-table jobs, informal apartment rentals and anonymous health clinics.

Cryptocurrencies help people to earn money remotely, shop online and send international money transfers.

Anonymous sim cards and PO boxes help people to access the internet and receive mail without ID.

Proxy merchants are also useful. Some examples of proxy services include: A roommate deals with the rental contract on your behalf and you pay them in cash. A friend sends a bank transfer for you. A local store allows you to pickup mail there. A business registers sim cards under their company name and resells them anonymously.

Slide 10: P2P reputation


There are many ways to establish trust or authorization without government ID, many of which are successfully used today.

Many transactions can be done anonymously, for example, buying food, clothes or electronics in a store. You only need to hand over the cash, and the product is yours. No name required.

PINs and passwords can help with authorization. One example is a password to login to a website, or a PIN sent by SMS or email to pick up a package.

Cryptographic key pairs are used for critical applications, such as PGP encryption and signing, for secure communication, and proving ownership of funds with Bitcoin. A pseudonymous key pair is enough to prove your identity or send money worldwide.

Online shopping and remote work can benefit from escrows, such as Bitcoin's multisig. This enables refunds in the case of a scam. Cash deposits for rentals can protect against damages or theft.

Customer reviews can help you to find trusted products or businesses. Vouches, for example from friends, colleagues or landlords, and web of trust can help to trust individuals.

While personal IDs are a dangerous concept, non-government IDs from NGOs or companies are easier to access than the gatekept, single point of failure of government ID systems.

Slide 11: State monopoly on markets


Next to the state monopoly on money and identity, is the monopoly on markets.

Via regulations, the state censors what can be sold, who can sell and for what price. The state excludes entire categories of products and groups of sellers from the economy, despite market demand for these services.

State regulations harm many people. They make it difficult to access medicine, affordable housing or even find a job.

High taxes make it difficult for regular people to afford food and rent, while the state immorally spends these funds on corporate bailouts, corruption and war.

Slide 12: Truly free markets


In comparison, unregulated markets are open to everyone, without restrictions. These may be known as gray markets, parallel economies, circular economies or Second Realms.

Some examples are local cash-in-hand markets, online classifieds and darknet markets.

Opsec and risk management are important, but gray markets have operated successfully since decades, even in authoritarian countries, and provide customers with what they need, and are unable to get from gatekept state markets.

Slide 13: Agorist communities


Many day-to-day necessities take place as market transactions. When you earn money from your job, pay rent for your apartment, buy food in a grocery store and pay for a gym membership: All these are market transactions between a buyer and a seller.

These market transactions take place in communities, such as with colleagues, neighbors, regular customers, friends or fellow fans of your hobby.

Local, global and online agorist communities can help buyers and sellers to meet each other and build a parallel economy free from state control.

Agorism doesn't require mainstream adoption or integration with the statist white market. If you have one agorist employer, one agorist landlord and shop from one agorist grocery store, that's enough. A network of like-minded people and a peer-to-peer free market can help people to find what they need.

(It matters less what 99% of statist businesses are doing, if you have access to 1% of agorist markets.)

Slide 14: Agorist businesses


There are many ways to participate in agorist markets.

The Gray Man strategy is when a white market business sells agorist services under-the-table to trusted customers. For example, a local phone repair store sells anonymous sim cards on request, or a hotel rents out rooms without ID to people in need, such as victims of abuse or undocumented people.

A Proxy Merchant offers their company as a proxy, so that people can access services anonymously. An example is a personal shopping service. A customer sends a link to a product and pays with crypto. The personal shopper buys the product with their bank account and ships it to the customer.

A Second Realm business exists entirely outside of the state, without a registered company, ID or permit. An example is remote freelance work for cryptocurrency, or selling refurbished laptops in Craigslist.

Peer-to-peer sales are one time sales, such as subletting your apartment for 1 month while you are traveling, or selling your old car for cash.

Slide 15: Food


Agorist markets for food include farmers markets, local non-chain stores, crypto-friendly grocery stores and restaurants, and direct trade for imported products.

You can also grow your own food with a garden or homestead.

Encourage your favorite online and local stores to accept crypto, rather than only bank transfers or credit cards. Make sure you use a KYC-free provider, such as BTCPayServer.org, Oshi.tech, Bitejo.com or a mobile wallet, instead of a platform that requires government ID like Strike, Coinbase or Bitpay.

Slide 16: Jobs


Agorist jobs include under-the-table jobs for cash and crypto, either as your main income or on the side.

Offer your services via word-of-mouth, Craigslist or crypto classifieds websites like Microlancer.io or FreelanceForCoins.com. You can exchange earned crypto to physical cash with Bisq.network, HodlHodl.com or Bitcoin ATMs.

If you need to hire someone, choose a freelancer or small business, not a corporation.

Proxy merchants can help by setting up a shell company, with which freelancers can make contracts, receive bank transfers, rent coworking spaces and receive mail.

Slide 17: Housing


Agorist housing includes apartment, hotel, land and office rentals for cash or crypto, without ID or address registration.

With a network of intentional communities such as city neighborhoods, trailer parks, homesteads or van living communities, agorists can live together and build local parallel economies.

Community spaces including cafes, hackerspaces and anarchist libraries provide a place for meetups, events and education.

Slide 18: Healthcare


Agorist healthcare includes anonymous health clinics with out-of-pocket payments or funded by donations, crypto-friendly doctors, online pharmacies and telemedicine services, and importing medicine from countries that don't require prescriptions.

An agorist health insurance company could print health insurance cards without requiring government ID, as well as help people access healthcare for a monthly fee.

In addition, people are starting to synthesize medicine such as insulin, in home labs. Check Four Thieves Vinegar for more details.

Slide 19: Logistics


Agorist logistics includes anonymous PO boxes and parcel lockers, a crypto-friendly alternative to Uber for taxis and deliveries, and dead drop services.

A dead drop is where a package is left at specified co-ordinates, and the sender and recipient never meet each other.

Additionally, a proxy merchant could rent an office and allow customers to pick up mail there.

Slide 20: Communication


Agorist communication includes anonymous sim cards, KYC-free home internet, public wifi networks and mesh networks.

In addition, use PGP and Matrix for encrypted chats, Tor for anonymous browsing, and Monero for private payments.

Slide 21: Agorism already works


It isn't a question of “Will Agorism Work?”

Agorism already provides necessary services to people, outside of state censorship and surveillance.

Sellers earn profits, save time, avoid bureaucracy and bypass censorship, and buyers can get what they need with cash or crypto.

There are many motivations for this, such as saving money and time, avoiding red tape, financial inclusion, privacy, safety, humanitarian or ideological reasons.

Gray markets work, have worked since decades, and will continue to work, wherever they are needed.

Slide 22: What can you do


What can you do to get started with agorism?

Buy from small businesses and peer-to-peer markets, instead of state-backed corporations.

Encourage your favorite stores to accept crypto, or accept crypto in your business.

Don't require government ID in your business and find services that don't require ID.

Offer proxy merchant services, for example via a shell company.

Join online or local agorist groups to build practical parallel economies.

Slide 23: Links and resources


There are many resources, articles, podcasts, directories and tools to help you to learn more about agorism and build truly free markets.

Slide 24: Books


“An Agorist Primer” by SEK3 and “Second Realm: Book on Strategy” by Smuggler & XYZ are practical books about agorism.

Slide 25: Articles


Check Anarplex, Bitcoin Magazine and Medium for agorist and crypto articles, like KYC-free Bitcoin circular economies.

Slide 26: Podcasts


Listen to practical podcasts for agorist ideas, crypto use cases and more, such as Vonu Podcast and Citadel Dispatch.

Slide 27: Marketplaces


Trade products and services for crypto with Bitejo.com or MirageSale.com, or join a Matrix or Telegram group, for example Bitcoin P2P Marketplace in Telegram.

Slide 28: Tools


Find a list of KYC-free services at KYCNot.me. Use Tor for anonymity, Matrix for encrypted chats and Monero for private payments.

Slide 29: Communities


There are many agorist, crypto and privacy communities in Matrix, Telegram and other social networks, including Flote, Freedom Cells and Hack Liberty.

Slide 30: Freedom


Free the markets, free the world.


How to survive outside of the state with Crypto Agorism =============================================

Fair and free markets for food, jobs, housing, healthcare, mail, sim cards & more – no government ID or state permit required.

Video (Peertube): https://tube.tchncs.de/w/9xvdnjBB64gXRrdES7N4se

Mirror (Youtube): https://youtube.com/watch?v=4LkKC5xqU8A

Slides are also available below.

Slide 1:


How to survive outside of the state.

Advanced privacy, sovereignty and censorship-resistance techniques, which work today.

Slide 2:


The current system is broken. The state has total control over the white market economy.

The state's largest mechanism for surveillance and censorship is the government ID system, also known as KYC.

The state forces employers, landlords, doctors, banks, ISPs, cell providers, mailmen and even gyms and libraries to require government ID. Without a passport or driver's license, it becomes difficult to find a job or a place to live.

Not only does this put innocent people under constant state surveillance, it also excludes approximately 1 billion people worldwide from the economy.

KYC isn't only about “handing over your data”. If that would be the case, it would be enough to simply say your name or fill out a form. Instead, only people with a state-assigned document are permitted to take part. The state's monopoly on identity ignores reality, in favor of gatekept databases and centralized control.

Fortunately, agorism bypasses the state's systems and allows everyone to take part in free and fair markets. With agorism, you can find work, rent apartments, receive healthcare and more – no government ID or state permit required.

Slide 3:


One problem with the state's monopoly on identity is surveillance, which stretches far beyond the tracking and surveillance capitalism of Big Tech.

Via government ID systems, the state tracks innocent people from birth certificate to death certificate. It compiles databases of names, birth dates, photos, home addresses, jobs, bank balances, medical records and more. Which it shares with third parties without the individual's knowledge or consent.

This level of data collection is unnecessary. For example: Buying bread or a bus ticket with cash doesn't require a name. Medical records should stay between the doctor and patient. Many people only share their home address with close friends and family.

Government ID requirements can also put people in danger, such as people who are escaping from abuse or activists who are using a pseudonym for safety reasons.

Slide 4:


What is worse than surveillance, is total censorship.

The state actively refuses to print ID for millions of people, which shuts them out of the mainstream economy and makes it difficult to survive.

If your country of birth or residence refuses to print a birth certificate, passport or national ID card for you, there is nowhere to go and no appeals.

Even if you have witnesses, are a skilled worker, can prove your identity via non-government records, or are willing to give fingerprints, there is no way to convince the state to enter you into its database. In most cases, this problem starts at birth or early adulthood, and the individual has done nothing wrong.

NGOs like Red Cross and United Nations are aware of the exclusion and discrimination caused by government ID systems, but they are unable to convince the state, nor offer alternative IDs. Jurisdictional arbitrage like Flag Theory requires an already existing ID. Even the Californian driver's license for undocumented people requires an existing international passport or ID card from another country.

Old strategies like paper tripping no longer work. It's difficult to find so-called corrupt bureaucrats who would print ID for you under-the-table. In many countries, it's difficult to find fake ID vendors, and if you can find one, it may not work to open a bank account or find a job.

Ignored, blamed and even criminalized by the state, millions of people are left on the edge of society without recourse and with great difficulty to even earn money or find a place to live.

Slide 5:


Authoritarianism is increasing globally. Every year, more services require government ID, shutting people without ID or who need privacy or pseudonymity further out of the economy.

During corona statism, vaccine passports required not only an untested vaccine, but also an existing government ID. In some countries, cops and soldiers patrolled the streets during lockdowns and demanded ID from innocent people. As is clear to most people, this wasn't about health, but about control.

Digital IDs and CBDCs will make it worse. The claim that digital IDs will help unbanked people is a lie that uses vulnerable people as an excuse, while continuing to deny them access to the economy.

Just like the current system, access to Digital IDs and CBDCs will require an existing entry in the state's database. Giving your name and fingerprints will not be enough, if you weren't already registered at birth.

If the state really wanted to promote inclusion, it would remove the barriers to obtaining ID, or remove ID requirements entirely. There is nothing blocking the state from this. The exclusion is intentional, and the system is working as designed.

If the goal was indeed mass surveillance, or even profiteering from money printing and taxation, the state would have no issue with entering people into its database. In reality, the state's pathological desire to bully, deprive and ostracize is stronger than its desire to simply surveil and profit.

The pervasiveness of digital ID will only make survival more difficult for marginalized people. For example, if grocery stores only accept CBDCs to buy food, and access to public transit requires Digital ID.

In addition, even people who currently have access to ID are at risk of exclusion from the upcoming Digital ID system. Corporate deplatforming is already a huge issue, and a centralized single point of failure like CBDCs will make this worse. Anyone who resists could easily be cut off from the statist white market.

Agorism is already a necessity for many people today, and will become vital for many more, as state authoritarianism increases.

Slide 6:


As you can see, government ID is nothing more than an artificial system, designed to control, surveil and dehumanize.

It should not be possible to exclude an innocent person from the entire economy and even push them to homelessness, just because a singular state bureaucrat doesn't want to print a document for them. Everyone has a name, appearance, background and personhood. You should not need the state's permission in order to have a name or to exist.

KYC wasn't around forever. Even a few years ago, it was easy to rent an apartment, find work, send a money transfer, or buy a sim card, just by filling out a form and paying. This authoritarian power grab is new and unnecessary. Things worked perfectly fine before.

Peer-to-peer trust methods are more inclusive, humane and work better. This can be as simple as saying your name, using a PIN to pickup mail, a vouch or portfolio to get a job, or a cash deposit for a rental.

Slide 7:


Instead of relying on state permission, agorist markets provide a much-needed alternative method to find work, housing, healthcare and more.

Agorism has worked since decades, including in authoritarian regimes, where it is needed the most. Agorist markets are also known as gray and black markets, the informal economy, the underground, and Second Realms.

There are many reasons to bypass state regulations when doing business, such as saving time and money, avoiding censorship or restrictions, protecting your privacy, or ideological or humanitarian reasons.

Agorism focuses on peer-to-peer transactions, small businesses and communities. No need for a global revolution or corporate mass adoption. If you can get what you need from agorist markets, you don't need to worry about what the mainstream market is doing. Found an apartment for cash? That's winning. Earn crypto online? That's winning. Agorism is there for those who need it, and every transaction outside of the state is a win.

Agorism helps you to build independence from the games of the state, large corporations and geopolitics, which the individual can't influence, and instead focuses on local and global small businesses and communities, where the individual's voice counts.

Good people disobey unjust laws. A hotel owner who doesn't require ID can save someone from homelessness or help them to escape from abuse. An agorist doctor can save lives. A seller of anonymous sim cards can help people to keep in touch with loved ones, or help an activist to fight for human rights.

Slide 8:


There are multiple ways to run an agorist business.

The Gray Man strategy is when a state-registered white market business offers agorist services under-the-table to trusted customers. Some examples: A phone repair store sells anonymous sim cards on request. A hotel rents out rooms without ID to people in need, such as victims of abuse or undocumented people. A restaurant hires a chef for cash under-the-table, so that they can pay rent. A doctor agrees to treat an out-of-pocket patient without ID.

Proxy merchants are individuals or businesses that have access to ID, and allow people to use their company as a proxy to access services anonymously. An example is a friend who sends a bank transfer for you and you repay them in Bitcoin. Your roommate deals with the rental contract on your behalf and you pay rent to them in cash. A local business allows you to pickup mail there. A company registers sim cards under their name and resells them anonymously.

Second Realm businesses operate entirely outside of the state, without government ID or a registered company. Such as remote freelancing for Bitcoin or lawncare for cash. Importing medicine from countries that don't require prescriptions. Selling your old car in Craigslist. Renting out your apartment for cash while you are traveling.

Slide 9:


Now some practical examples, covering food, finances, jobs, housing, healthcare, energy, logistics, communications, education, community, and how you can get started today.

Starting with food: It's still possible to buy food with cash in mainstream grocery stores. Even when corona restrictions closed most other stores, or demanded contactless payments such as credit cards and banking apps (which all require ID), most grocery stores stayed open, didn't require vaccine passports, and continued to accept cash.

However, it's still important to grow independence from large corporations and support small businesses and local farms. Whether that's growing your own food and getting water from a well on a homestead or buying from farmers markets.

There are even farmers who accept Bitcoin and Monero, such as Gratuitas coffee and Beef Initiative.

In the future, if the state would force mainstream grocery stores to only accept CBDCs, local grocery stores who accept cash or crypto would become vital for access to food. In addition, proxy merchants who have access to CBDCs could go shopping for unbanked people.

Slide 10:


Without government ID, it's impossible to open a bank account or get a credit card. It wasn't always like this. It used to be possible to open a Paypal account, buy a Visa gift card or send a Western Union transfer without ID. Now, you can't even send 20 dollars to a friend, if you don't have a passport or driver's license.

Thankfully, cash still works for local in person transactions, and some online stores still accept cash on delivery or cash by mail. Some online stores accept gift cards, that you can buy with cash from local stores. In some countries like the US, anonymous Visa gift cards are still available. Physical gold and silver work well as savings.

Proxy merchants can send bank transfers, pay bills or purchase products on your behalf, and you pay them in cash or crypto.

The most important tool for financial freedom is cryptocurrencies. Bitcoin and Monero make it possible to send and receive money worldwide, without government ID or a bank account. Perfect for online shopping, brick-and-mortar stores, remittances, jobs, fundraising, tips, savings and more.

Many individuals and businesses are building Bitcoin and Monero circular economies, which aim to make it possible to live fully on crypto, including food, jobs, housing, healthcare and travel.

Slide 11:


In order to pay for food and rent, you need a way to earn money.

Sadly the state also has a monopoly over the mainstream job market. Despite your skills, work ethic and effort, if you don't have ID, most employers won't even consider to hire you.

Fortunately, there are many agorist employers who value meritocracy and equal opportunities. If you can do the job, they are happy to hire you.

Some examples are under-the-table jobs for cash, for example, in construction, farming, factory work, restaurants, or selling products for cash in local markets. Additionally, there's remote work for cryptocurrencies, including software development, graphic design, music, writing and translation.

It's possible to find remote work for crypto in KYC-free freelancing platforms like Microlancer and Freelance For Coins, as well as in peer-to-peer marketplaces like Bitejo and Bitcoin P2P Marketplace in Telegram.

Co-ops and collectives also offer agorist jobs. For example, a bicycle repair co-op, or a cafe collective. DAOs are similar to co-ops, and can be used for projects, jobs, fundraising and more. For agorist DAOs, check Dark Fi.

Slide 12:


Shelter is important. Protection from the elements, a place to sleep, relax, feel safe, and call home. But even a necessity like this is gatekept behind government ID KYC.

Peer-to-peer rentals help people to access shelter outside of the state. Whether it's renting for cash from a guy in Craigslist, living with roommates who deal with the contract on your behalf, finding an AirBnB host who doesn't require ID, or joining an intentional community like a housing project or an eco village.

Proxy merchants could help people to rent white market apartments, while a crypto-friendly AirBnB could help people to rent short-term and long-term accommodation for Bitcoin or Monero.

Intentional communities like eco villages and Bitcoin Citadels could provide an autonomous space where people could live, work and thrive outside of state control.

Slide 13:


Even if you pay with cash and write your contact details and medical history on the form, doctors may refuse to treat you without ID. Not only is this against the Hippocratic Oath, it also puts people in danger and unable to seek healthcare.

Fortunately, it's still possible to find doctors who don't require ID, via word-of-mouth or support groups. Generally this requires out-of-pocket payment, but there are also some charitable health clinics funded by donations, where people in need can receive free or low cost treatment.

A Bitcoin health insurance company and network of Bitcoin-friendly doctors could help people to access healthcare for an affordable price, as well as print health insurance cards that people can use to visit doctors without government ID. A Bitcoin GoFundMe alternative could also help individuals and charities to raise money for medical expenses.

It's also possible to import medicine from countries that don't require prescriptions, such as buying from an international online pharmacy. This helps people to access the medicine that they need to survive.

In addition, biohackers are making it easier to DIY your own healthcare. Four Thieves Vinegar is working on ways to synthesize medicines from freely purchasable re-agents, and advances are being made in robotic surgery and CRISPR.

Slide 14:


Often, electricity and heating is included in rentals, and the landlord makes the contract with the energy company on your behalf. However, it's useful to build energy sovereignty, especially in times of increasing prices or even risks of blackouts.

Off-grid solar panels and batteries can help you achieve energy sovereignty. Generate electricity from sunlight, even on a cloudy winter day, and store it in batteries for later usage. Even an emergency hand crank or pedal generator could help you to recharge your phone or listen to the radio during a blackout.

Gas generators and propane heaters can also give you independence from the grid. Although there is still dependence on oligarchs and national supply lines, you can buy gas in advance and use it during a blackout, when the grid is inaccessible or rationed.

In the future, community-run energy grids and improvements in renewables and battery tech could make it easier to live independently from the state's energy grid.

Slide 15:


It can be difficult to receive mail without ID. If you are living in an informal apartment rental, it may not be possible to receive mail there, and most PO box services require ID.

Depending on where you live, there may be courier-operated parcel lockers that only require a PIN that you receive by SMS, or general delivery may be possible with a passphrase.

Some taxi apps offer delivery services and accept cash, which works for local deliveries. In some cases, you could ask the taxi driver to pickup the package from the post office on your behalf.

It's also possible to simply ask a friend or local business if they could receive the package for you.

In the future, a KYC-free PO box network could help people to receive mail. In this concept, local businesses could sign up as PO box providers and set their own fees and terms. Then customers could send mail to this address, and pick it up with a passphrase.

Slide 16:


Access to the internet is also gatekept behind government ID. Most home internet providers require ID, although in some rentals, the landlord deals with the contract on your behalf. In many countries, even prepaid sim cards require ID, but some stores still sell anonymous sim cards under-the-table.

It's possible to access the internet by importing a sim card from a country that doesn't require ID such as the US or UK, using an anonymous e-sim like Silent Link, or making use of public wifi networks.

With more proxy merchants and public wifi providers, uncensored access to the internet would be possible for everyone.

Slide 17:


Access to education and training is also censored by the state. Universities, trade schools and libraries require government ID, even if you pay in cash.

Thankfully, there are accessible ways to learn new skills, such as with online education and local hackerspaces and meetups.

Youtube videos, online courses, forums and open source software help people to learn about any topic online, including software development, languages, music, writing and DIY.

In addition, meetups, hackerspaces and anarchist libraries make it possible to learn a variety of practical skills, such as electronics, carpentry, gardening, cooking, sports or even biohacking.

The network of online classes and in person community spaces is growing, and it's getting easier to learn new things, improve your skills and meet new people, outside of the state's monopoly on education.

Slide 18:


There are already some agorist, libertarian and crypto communities, for example in Twitter, Telegram, Reddit and Matrix, as well as in person meetups and conferences.

Bitcoin and Monero peer-to-peer marketplaces like Bitejo and Bitcoin P2P Marketplace in Telegram help you to build crypto circular economies, and buy and sell products and services outside of the state.

Spread the word about agorism, and help to build fair and free markets that everyone can participate in.

Slide 19:


How to get started?

Find and use services that don't require government ID.

Consider to accept crypto in your business, for example via BTCPayServer, or join a crypto peer-to-peer marketplace. Offer proxy merchant services if possible.

Build parallel economies that operate outside of the state and are future-proof against the dangers of CBDCs, digital IDs and increasing state authoritarianism.

Join millions of people worldwide, who participate in the informal economy every day.

For more information, check out “An Agorist Primer” by SEK3, “Second Realm: Book on Strategy” by Smuggler & XYZ, Vonu Podcast, Agorism Blog, and learn about Bitcoin or Monero.

Slide 20:


Free the markets, free the world.

 
Read more...

from crypto-agorism

Many decentralized identity protocols are being developed, which claim to increase users’ privacy, enable interoperability and convenient single sign-ons, protect against identity theft and allow self-sovereign ownership of data.

However, many of these protocols rely on government ID as a base layer (as proof of name, age or address, referred to as “Verifiable credentials”). In this system, users are required to upload a video with their passport or national ID card. After this, their name, age or address is marked as verified. Then platforms can query this API and ask is_over_18, full_name or country_of_residence, but have no access to the user’s ID scan or any additional information (e.g. is_over_18 only returns true or false, and doesn’t disclose the user’s name, home address or photo).

This reliance on government IDs means that DIDs cannot protect users against state surveillance. And just like the existing system, it continues to exclude millions of people who can’t get government ID: https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/each-person-left-living-streets-we-are-losing-society, https://unhcr.org/ibelong/about-statelessness, https://www.penalreform.org/blog/proving-who-i-am-the-plight-of-people

Problem 1: Reliance on government ID as a base layer

If decentralized ID is just an extension of the existing government ID system, it provides neither privacy nor financial inclusion.

Via government ID KYC, the state already excludes regular people from jobs, banking, apartment rentals, healthcare, receiving mail, sim cards, contracts and more.

If the state refuses to print ID for someone (which affects millions of people today), there are no appeals, alternatives nor NGOs who can help. Red Cross, United Nations and other NGOs don’t issue alternative identity documents. Flag Theory (such as St Kitts passports, Panamanian residency, Estonian e-Residency or RNS.id) requires an existing passport or birth certificate. Even IDs for undocumented people (such as Californian AB 60 driver’s licenses) require a foreign passport, national ID card or birth certificate, and can’t help people who have no state-issued identity documents at all.

This existing ID system is harmful, inaccessible and a single point of failure — and if decentralized protocols rely on this broken layer, they will continue to harm and exclude people.

Problem 2: The state won’t give up its monopoly on identity

Fortunately, some decentralized ID protocols aim to be inclusive, and instead of requiring government ID to verify a user’s name, age or location, they use social media, a web-of-trust or biometrics. This removes the ability for state censorship, and instead allows your friends to vouch for you, or allows you to gain access to services via fingerprints or an iris scan.

With a web-of-trust, friends or family could vouch for your name, age or location; landlords could vouch for your address; employers could vouch for your skills; customers could vouch for businesses; and so on. As it doesn’t rely on government databases, but rather the people you know, it is truly decentralized and accessible.

Biometrics also do not rely on state permission. If you have fingers or eyes, you can signup with a fingerprint or iris scan — no passport or national ID card required. As it is not dependent on state-issued documents, biometrics would be accessible for stateless people, undocumented people and people who weren’t registered at birth, who are often unfairly excluded from the mainstream economy. However, biometrics are dangerous for many reasons, including security (someone could force you against your will to give your fingerprint or decode your iris pattern from a photo), personal safety (e.g. escaping from domestic abuse or protesting against an authoritarian government), as well as privacy (such as the natural compartmentalization of work and home life and online personas).

Unfortunately, it is unlikely that the state, who forces government ID regulations onto businesses, employers, landlords and healthcare providers, will accept web-of-trust vouches or biometrics as “proof of identity”. It will therefore not be possible to apply for a job using a “Worldcoin” iris scan, or rent an apartment on the sole basis of positive reviews in a web-of-trust.

The state specifically uses its government ID system to whitelist citizens at birth (if you weren’t registered at birth, there is no way to “earn the right to exist” as an adult), and immigration is dependent on other countries’ whitelists (as it is impossible to get a visa without a passport and birth certificate). The state won’t allow people to bypass this whitelist by providing fingerprints or asking friends to vouch for them.

If the state chooses to incorporate biometrics or web-of-trust into its identity system, it will do so on its own terms, as an addition rather than alternative: a web-of-trust platform would require an existing government ID in order to signup, and “Worldcoin” wallets would require government ID in order to receive or spend funds.

Even the United Nations (https://www.unhcr.org/ibelong/about-statelessness) and World Economic Forum (https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/legal-identity-id-app-aid-tech) are aware of the damage caused by the state’s monopoly on identity, but are unable to convince the state to print IDs for stateless or unregistered people, nor issue their own recognized non-government IDs. Considering this, it’s unlikely that web-of-trust or social media-based ID protocols will become usable for mainstream jobs, banking or apartment rentals.

However, non-government DIDs could still find use in the informal economy, which already provides access to jobs, housing, healthcare and more, no ID required. Despite the war on cash and increasing KYC regulations, informal cash-in-hand economies exist around the world. In addition, cryptocurrencies have made it possible to send money to anyone around the globe, no bank or ID required, paving the way for uncensorable digital economies: https://anarkio.codeberg.page/agorism, https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/kyc-free-bitcoin-circular-economies In these permissionless free markets, a web-of-trust could help with business reviews and reputation, proving education and skills when applying for jobs, or establishing trust for invite-only markets.

Problem 3: Decentralized ID can be censored

Some decentralized ID protocols use cryptocurrency addresses as identifiers, such as Ethereum or Bitcoin Lightning. However, there have been cases where platforms have censored users based on transaction history (such as using a KYC-free exchange, cryptocurrency mixer, gambling, or buying gray market products).

Connecting your identity and social life to your finances already creates privacy concerns (as anyone who you interact with could easily find out your wealth and surveil your earnings and purchases). Even worse, censorship via chain analysis or KYC means that users could be shut out of exchanges, marketplaces, social media websites and more. Imagine that you are permanently banned from Facebook or Twitter, because you recently sent money to a gambling website, bought a CBD product or didn’t want to disclose sensitive information, such as government ID (or are one of the 1 billion people worldwide who can’t get government ID, through no fault of their own).

From a technical perspective, cryptographic identifiers may provide better security than passwords. It is much easier to crack an insecure password compared to a (much stronger) Bitcoin private key. Cryptography also enables you to sign messages, proving that the content (such as a social media post, order or contract) really came from you, and not an impersonator.

That being said, PGP already offers cryptographic identifiers, to which you can optionally add your name (or pseudonym) and participate in a web-of-trust. You can use this PGP key not only to login to websites (by decrypting a code that the website sends you), but also verify content via PGP signatures and securely encrypt messages, emails and files. As PGP keys aren’t connected to your finances via a transparent blockchain and you can easily make pseudonymous and throwaway PGP keys, they offer a private and accessible identity framework.

Problem 4: Surveillance and the dangers of linking all your activity to one identity

But why do you need to verify a name? Why not take someone at their word, and allow them to choose what name they want to use? Why do all actions need to be linked to a single persistent physical identity?

Under the state’s government ID system, the state tracks people from “birth certificate” to “death certificate” — compiling details of individuals’ jobs, savings, purchases, home addresses, cars, vacations, medical history, phone calls, internet history and more. This level of surveillance is disproportionate and unethical.

An individual’s life should be private. Information should only be shared voluntarily on a need-to-know basis. For example, only your employer, colleagues and customers need to know about your job; only your doctor, pharmacy and insurance (unless you pay out-of-pocket) need to know about your medical history; and many people only share their home address with close friends or family.

Online, in the existing “username and password” model, users are free to create self-chosen identities, pseudonyms and throwaway accounts. It’s natural to want to compartmentalize your activities, such as using separate work and home profiles, not sharing your real life name or location with online chat groups, using a pseudonym for activism, artwork, music or writing, or creating an anonymous account to join a support group (such as for health issues, addiction or domestic abuse). Tying everything to a single identity could cause self-censorship, discomfort (in the case of sensitive or health-related topics) or even serious safety concerns (in the case of activism, discrimination or escaping from abuse).

For commercial transactions, such as shopping, jobs or apartment rentals, there are many ways to establish trust without a persistent or state-assigned identity, such as:

  • Anonymous transactions: Buying a loaf of bread or a bus ticket with cash or crypto doesn’t require a name. Just pay and the product is yours.
  • Keys and smart cards: House keys, PO box keys, smart cards to enter a gym or take public transit. Access depends on possession of the key or the card, so no personal ID is required.
  • PINs and passwords: E.g. pickup a package with a PIN sent to your phone number. Passwords and PINs can be combined, such as a password to login and a 2FA PIN sent by SMS or email to confirm an action.
  • Cryptographic keypairs: Bitcoin uses pseudonymous cryptographic keypairs to send, receive and store money. PGP also uses pseudonymous keypairs, in order to encrypt messages, sign and verify data, and participate in a web-of-trust.
  • Reviews and reputation: Examples include customer reviews for a business, a job applicant’s portfolio, or a user’s profile on a couchsurfing or apartment rental website.
  • Cash deposits and escrows: Cash deposits can protect against theft or damages for rentals, and escrows can protect against scams when shopping online or working remotely.
  • Non-government IDs: Organizations such as Digitalcourage, Bitnation and World Passport issue non-government IDs, which are more accessible than state-issued passports, but are unfortunately currently not accepted in mainstream businesses.

For many commercial transactions, a persistent or personal identity is not necessary. In cases where a name is required, simply saying your name should be enough (with optional verification via a PIN, PGP signature, web-of-trust or social media profile). In any case, neither a single persistent identity nor a state-assigned identity should be required for participation in the economy or social networks.

Conclusion

The surveillance and exclusion currently caused by gatekept government ID systems clearly shows the dangers of identity databases. If you are working on decentralized identity, allow users to participate without linking government ID, allow pseudonyms and throwaways, and keep a regular “username and password” login available for people who prefer it. Don’t create a clone of the existing broken system, but take this chance to create an alternative, inclusive and privacy-friendly ecosystem that everyone can participate in.

Further Reading

Identity Crisis – Privacy International https://privacyinternational.org/campaigns/identity-crisis

Busting Big ID's myths – Access Now https://www.accessnow.org/busting-big-ids-myths

True Names Not Required: On Identity and Pseudonymity in Cyberspace – DerGigi https://dergigi.medium.com/true-names-not-required-fc6647dfe24a

What's in a name? The case for inclusivity through anonymity – Common Thread https://blog.twitter.com/common-thread/en/topics/stories/2021/whats-in-a-name-the-case-for-inclusivity-through-anonymity

You Don't Need To See My ID – Jeffrey Paul https://sneak.berlin/20200118/you-dont-need-to-see-my-id

Proving who I am: the plight of people in detention without proof of legal identity – Vicki Prais https://www.penalreform.org/blog/proving-who-i-am-the-plight-of-people/

The rarely discussed dangers of KYC and what you can do about it – AnarkioCrypto https://vonupodcast.com/know-your-customer-kyc-the-rarely-discussed-danger-guest-article-audio

Passports Were a “Temporary” War Measure – Speranta Dumitru https://fee.org/articles/passports-were-a-temporary-war-measure

During World War II, we did have something to hide – Hans de Zwart https://medium.com/@hansdezwart/during-world-war-ii-we-did-have-something-to-hide-40689565c550

With each person left living on the streets, we are losing as a society – Petr Baroch https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/each-person-left-living-streets-we-are-losing-society

 
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from crypto-agorism

The state's monopoly on identity excludes vulnerable people from jobs, housing, healthcare and more.

This article began as a response to The Reboot's article, which discusses the dangers of perpetual tracking by Google, Facebook and Microsoft. [1]

While the tracking by Google, Facebook and Microsoft is definitely disturbing and can even put people in danger, the state's data economy is even worse, with far-reaching consequences. Few people talk about this, even though it affects millions of people's daily lives. [2]

Via the government ID system, the state exerts a monopoly on identity and an obsession with tracking people from “birth certificate” to “death certificate”. Disproportionate KYC regulations actively exclude people without government-issued ID from necessary services, including jobs, housing and healthcare and even everyday things like online shopping, receiving mail, buying a sim card, doing volunteer work, taking classes, or visiting the gym or library.

Millions of people worldwide don't have access to government ID (the state refuses to print it for them) or can't show ID for safety reasons (e.g. they are a victim of abuse and don't want to be tracked down by the abuser). These people are often already in vulnerable situations (for example: stateless, undocumented or homeless people, activists, dissidents, refugees, victims of domestic abuse, adult victims of child abuse, or adults whose birth was not registered) and exclusion from basic needs makes it even more difficult to survive. [3, 4]

The state offers no alternatives nor solutions – if the state refuses to print a passport, national ID card or birth certificate for someone, this person can't appeal, get help from NGOs or lawyers, or find an alternative way to get ID. [5] There are no appeals, no checklists, no deals, no regularization, no rehabilitation, no special circumstances, no friendly jurisdictions – there is no way to earn access to ID via merit, vouches, oaths, good behavior, probation, community service, nor any other form of effort. If you were born in the wrong place (e.g. stateless, refugee, dissident) and/or to the wrong people (e.g. child abuse, cult, no birth registration), there is no way to rise above your situation through effort, determination or compassion. The state's monopoly on identity is fatalistic. It is a centralized single point of failure.

Similarly, there are no non-state solutions. NGOs and religious organizations don't issue alternative IDs; jurisdictional arbitrage such as Flag Theory requires an existing birth certificate or old passport; and the state generally refuses to issue stateless passports or allow people who weren't registered at birth to register themselves as adults (even if the individual provides a biometric photo, fingerprints and an identity witness, and would otherwise qualify for a skilled work, marriage or humanitarian visa).

Even for individuals with ID, the name that the state prints on their ID may not correspond to the name that they use in real life, which could put them in danger. [6] Many countries restrict or even ban legal name changes, which endangers victims of abuse (such as adults who escaped from child abuse, domestic abuse, cults or gangs), who use a self-chosen name for a fresh start, to feel human, to recover from trauma or for physical safety reasons.

As government ID is not universal and does not signify security or trust, government ID requirements only disproportionately and unfairly exclude people from services.

Going back to the topic of “surveillance capitalism” – People can choose to stop using Google, Facebook, Windows or stock Android. There are many alternatives, such as DuckDuckGo, Mastodon, Linux and custom ROMs such as LineageOS or Graphene. There are also ways to protect your privacy, such as reducing usage of social media, using a VPN or Tor, using a burner phone, using a pseudonym, or using cash or crypto instead of credit cards. [7]

In comparison, when the state coerces the vast majority of employers, landlords and hospitals to require government ID, there are only a few gray market alternatives left (e.g. under the table work, informal rentals for cash, doctors who accept out-of-pocket payments). [8]

It is a stark contrast: If you don't use Facebook for privacy reasons, you can still find different ways to keep in contact with friends and local events. If you can't rent most apartments because the landlord requires a passport or driver's license, you are very lucky if you can find a room in a shared apartment where your roommates deal with the contract for you and you pay rent to your roommates in cash. One thing can be an inconvenience, one thing can cause homelessness.

Many people believe government ID is the only way to trust that “someone is who they say they are”. If someone admits that they don't have “proper ID”, they are often seen as untrustworthy, hiding something or even dangerous. But this creates an impossible scenario, when no jurisdiction agrees to print ID for you – from stateless people who literally have nowhere to go, to refugees who can't return to or interact with their country of birth for safety reasons, to adults whose births were never registered, to victims of child abuse, domestic abuse or cult abuse who don't use their birth name due to decades of trauma or worse the risk of being tracked down and returned. Instead of blaming authoritarian countries, uncooperative bureaucrats, abusive or neglectful birth parents, violent ex-partners or sociopathic cult leaders, the victim is blamed, distrusted and considered as a criminal. [9]

In an ideal world, people would be judged on their actions and intent, rather than on circumstances of birth and decisions of bureaucrats. For housing, only your ability to pay rent would be relevant. For a job, only your skills and work ethic would be relevant. For healthcare, only your medical condition would be relevant (it would be against the Hippocratic Oath to deny medical treatment to people without ID, especially if they are paying out-of-pocket in cash).

For identity, it would be enough to say your name, get a vouch from a friend, landlord or employer, link to a social media profile, or use a non-government photo ID (such as from Digitalcourage or World Passport, which does not require birth registration or citizenship and allows self-chosen names).

For authentication, you would use a password or PIN (e.g. SMS code to pickup mail), physical key or card (e.g. mailbox keys, membership cards) or a cryptographic keypair (such as in PGP or Bitcoin).

For trust, word-of-mouth was the primary method before government IDs were invented (and made mandatory) in the 20th century. [10, 11] Nowadays, word-of-mouth includes vouches from friends, online reviews, social networks, web-of-trust and memberships. Cash deposits and escrow systems (e.g. Bitrated) would protect against scams, theft or damage.

This meritocratic, non-government market is not theoretical. Permissionless free markets exist today – under the names of agorism, informal economies, black and gray markets, parallel economies or Second Realms – and offer hope and a means to survive to people in need. [12, 13, 14] While NGOs have tried in vain to convince the state to print IDs for vulnerable people [15, 16], these grassroots peer-to-peer markets practically help people to access work, housing and healthcare, even without government-issued ID. [17]

There are many reasons why people participate in these agorist free markets. [18] It can be quicker and easier to rent out your spare room for cash, pay a doctor out-of-pocket instead of dealing with public health insurance, or hire an online freelancer for crypto. Bureaucracy doesn't just shut people out of the market, it also takes time and money to fill out forms, deal with months-long wait times, pay extortionate fees, and apply for government permission (which may be denied for arbitrary or discriminatory reasons).

(Furthermore: Since the state is based on force, fraud and violence, rather than on participation, consensus and voluntary cooperation, its existence is illegitimate and its permission is morally unnecessary. Examples of this: If an employer has found a skilled and hardworking employee, the state should have no right to prevent the employer from hiring them. If a doctor and patient want to perform a medical procedure under informed consent, the state should have no right to ban this. If a roommate wants to rent out their spare room, the state should have no right to prevent this. If a church wants to give refuge to homeless people, the state should have no right to evict them.)

Most of these informal markets are based on word-of-mouth with cash-in-hand payments, such as informal apartment rentals, under the table work or health clinics run by volunteers. The internet can also offer a place for an uncensored digital economy – such as for remote work, global trade, activism, fundraising and community building.

Unlike banking, credit cards, Paypal and Western Union, cryptocurrencies offer a practical way to send and receive money without government ID. [19, 20, 21] Instead of an ID scan, they only require a cryptographic keypair (like a username and password, but random and more secure), which anyone can generate with a wallet app on their phone or computer. Crypto ATMs, cash by mail, cash in person and gift cards help people to swap between crypto and their local currency (no bank account required), while hundreds of online stores, proxy merchants and marketplaces already accept uncensorable payments via Bitcoin, Monero and others. [22, 23, 24] As cryptocurrencies are based on peer-to-peer software (i.e. they are not controlled by a corporation or nation-state), transactions cannot be censored and users cannot be deplatformed. In addition to privacy and censorship-resistance, benefits include low fees (can be less than 1 cent, e.g. Litecoin, Monero), fast confirmation times (can be instant) and lack of chargebacks, fraud or counterfeits. [25]

As the state continues to ostracize and even criminalize vulnerable people, agorism provides not only hope of inclusion and equal opportunities, but a practical, proven solution which works today. [26, 27] For universal and safe access to daily needs such as jobs, housing and healthcare, it is important to build and use these peer-to-peer free markets that are immune to the state's monopoly on identity, invisible to the state's data economy, and free for everyone to use.

For more information about agorist free markets:

An Agorist Primer – SEK3 PDF: https://kopubco.com/pdf/An_Agorist_Primer_by_SEK3.pdf Audiobook: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Ul7K2yXMucE

Second Realm: Book on Strategy – Smuggler & XYZ PDF: https://ia801807.us.archive.org/34/items/second-realm-digital/Second%20Realm%20Paperback%20New.pdf Audiobook: https://vonupodcast.com/free-audiobook-second-realm-book-on-strategy-by-smuggler-xyz

Crypto Agorism: Free markets for a free world – AnarkioCrypto Video: https://tube.tchncs.de/w/tPvohTaiocfg5LEsFjGqHN Slides: https://anarkiocrypto.medium.com/crypto-agorism-free-markets-for-a-free-world-d9c755e6ef11

Fifty things to do NOW – The Free and Unashamed https://libertyunderattack.com/fifty-things-now-free-unashamed

A 21st Century Introduction to Agorism – Peter Kallman https://medium.com/@Kallman/a-21st-century-introduction-to-agorism-5dc69b54d79f

Vonu Podcast https://vonupodcast.com

Agora Podcast https://anchor.fm/mortified-penguin

Monero Talk Podcast https://www.monerotalk.live

Hack Liberty Forum https://forum.hackliberty.org

Liberdon (Mastodon) https://liberdon.com

Monero Town (Lemmy) https://monero.town

Freedom Cells (Social network) https://freedomcells.org

Sources:

[1] https://thereboot.com/why-we-should-end-the-data-economy/ [2] https://vonupodcast.com/know-your-customer-kyc-the-rarely-discussed-danger-guest-article-audio/ [3] https://www.statelessness.eu/blog/each-person-left-living-streets-we-are-losing-society [4] https://www.penalreform.org/blog/proving-who-i-am-the-plight-of-people/ [5] https://anarkio.codeberg.page/blog/roadblocks-to-obtaining-government-id.html [6] https://blog.twitter.com/common-thread/en/topics/stories/2021/whats-in-a-name-the-case-for-inclusivity-through-anonymity [7] https://anonymousplanet.org/guide.html [8] https://anarkio.codeberg.page/blog/crypto-agorism.html [9] https://index.statelessness.eu/sites/default/files/UNHCR%2C%20Faces%20of%20Statelessness%20in%20the%20Czech%20Republic%20(2020).pdf [10] https://fee.org/articles/passports-were-a-temporary-war-measure/ [11] https://medium.com/@hansdezwart/during-world-war-ii-we-did-have-something-to-hide-40689565c550 [12] https://medium.com/@Kallman/a-21st-century-introduction-to-agorism-5dc69b54d79f [13] https://kopubco.com/pdf/An_Agorist_Primer_by_SEK3.pdf [14] https://ia801807.us.archive.org/34/items/second-realm-digital/Second%20Realm%20Paperback%20New.pdf [15] https://unhcr.org/ibelong/about-statelessness [16] https://weforum.org/agenda/2020/11/legal-identity-id-app-aid-tech [17] https://anarkio.codeberg.page/blog/survival-outside-the-state.html [18] https://libertyunderattack.com/fifty-things-now-free-unashamed [19] https://c4ss.org/content/57847 [20] https://whycryptocurrencies.com/toc.html [21] https://hackyourself.io/product/cryptocurrencies-hack-your-way-to-a-better-life/ [22] https://blog.trezor.io/buy-bitcoin-without-kyc-33b883029ff1 [23] https://monerica.com [24] https://bitcoinmagazine.com/business/kyc-free-bitcoin-circular-economies [25] https://getmonero.org/ [26] https://vonupodcast.com/ [27] https://anchor.fm/mortified-penguin

 
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from alexis

C'est bon. Je sors de la lune de miel. Linux, c'est à la fois plus simple et plus compliqué que Windows. La simplicité c'est ce que j'aime. En ce qu'il n'y a rien de caché. Tout ce que je vois c'est ce qu'il y a. Si je veux quelque chose de plus je l'ajoute. Si quelque juste m'encombre, je l'enlève. Et c'est tout. Mais la complexité tient au fait que rien n'est donné. Il y a toujours quelque chose à négocier. Que ce soit la connection bluetooth d'un clavier sans fil, des drivers Nvidia ou un connecteur qui cesse mystérieusement de fonctionner sans raison apparente. Des fonctionnalités qui disparaissent, qu'on cherche pendants des heures sur des forums et qui reviennent aussi mystérieusement qu'elles étaient parties. Rien n'est caché, mais les choses semblent aussi fuir par les portes ouvertes.

Plusieurs logiciels me manquent et la promesse confiante d'une compatibilité est quelque chose qui me manque aussi. Ainsi, ce serait plus simple pour moi de retourner à Windows demain, retourner dans la routine, même si elle est imparfaite au moins j'y ait mes repaires et mes attentes. J'aurais aimé que ce soit plus facile d'aimer linux, mais c'est un amant compliqué à comprendre. C'est d'autant plus frustrant que je sais qu'une fois vraiment apprivoisé, une fois bien installés ensemble dans une routine, les choses iront bien. Mais le chemin jusque là est remplis d’embûches et je ne sais pas à quel point j'ai envie de les traverser.

 
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